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456 of a few acres and the building of one or two log- cabins, was joined by his sons and pupils, who at first dwelt in booths of hemlock boughs and slept on beds of the same. The first winter was severe, the buildings were not far enough advanced to afford perfect shelter, and great fortitude was necessary in both teachers and students. Four pupils were graduated at the first commencement in 1771, but in the year of the founder's death the number had increased to seventeen. Dr. Wheelock was afflicted with asthma for many years, yet he continued to preach, and, when unable to walk, was repeatedly carried to the college chapel. His pop- ularity as a pulpit orator was inferior only to that of George Whitefield, and his scholarship was ad- vanced for his time. The University of Edinburgh gave him the degree of D. D. in 1767. The pros- pects of the Indian school that was the germ of Dartmouth college were blighted by the Revolu- tion, in which many tribes adhered to the mother country, yet the Oneidas were kept from doing so probably through its means, and many frontier settlements were thus saved from pillage and mur- der. Dr. Wheelock published a " Narrative of the Indian School at Lebanon," with several continua- tions (1762-'75), and various sermons. See a " Me- moir," with extracts from his correspondence, by Rev. David McOlure and Rev. Elijah Parish (New- buryport, Mass., 1811). — His son, John, educator, b. in Lebanon, Conn., 28 Jan., 1754 : d. in Hano- ver, N. H, 4 April, 1817, entered Yale in 1767, but accompanied his father to New Hampshire in 1770, and was graduated at Dartmouth with the first class in 1771. He was a tutor in 1772-'4, a mem- ber of the Provincial congress in the latter year, and in 1775 a delegate to the assembly. In the spring of 1777 he was appointed a major in the service of the state of New York, and in the fol- lowing November he was commissioned lieutenant- colonel in the Continental army. He was sent by Gen. John Stark on an expedition against the In- dians in 1778, and then served on the staff of Gen. Horatio Gates till he was recalled to Hanover by his father's death in 1779. In the same year he was chosen to succeed his father in the presidency of the college, though he was but twenty-five years old, and in 1782 he was given the chair of civil and eccle- siastical history. In 1783 the trustees sent him to Europe to raise funds, where by the good offices of Benjamin Franklin and John Adams, and by letters of introduction from Washington and the French minister, he was moderately successful. In England he made arrangements concerning the interrupted income of the college, and procured philosophical instruments and other donations ; but on his return he was shipwrecked off Cape Cod, and lost the box that contained his money and papers. During President Wheelock's administra- tion of thirty-six vears the college was in a flourish- ing condition. Under him the present Dartmouth hall was built in 1786, and the medical department was established in 1798. In 1815, in consequence of questions of religious opinion and differences with the trustees, he was removed from office by the latter, and this act occasioned a violent con- troversy. The public in general sided with Dr. Wheelock, and trie legislature, asserting their right to alter the charter, reorganized the college in 1816 as Dartmouth university, with a new board of trustees. These reinstated Dr. Wheelock in 1817, but he died a few months later. Meanwhile the old board began suit for the recovery of the college property. They lost their case in the state supreme court, but won it on appeal to the U. S. supreme court, and the new charter and board of trustees went out of existence. In this case, which is called the " Dartmouth college case," Daniel Webster laid the foundation of his reputation as a constitutional lawyer. Dr. Wheelock had received the degree of LL. D. from Dartmouth in 1789.

He left half his estate to Princeton theological seminary. He published an " Essay on the Beau- ties and Excellences of Painting, Music, and Po- etry " (1774) ; " Eulogy on Prof. John Smith. D. D.*' (1809) ; and " Sketches of the History of Dartmouth College" (1816). — His only daughter, Maria Mal- leville, married Dr. William Allen, president of Bowdoin college. The illustration is a view of the Wilson library, the finest of the present buildings of Dartmouth college.

WHEELOCK, Joseph A., journalist, b. in Bridgstone, Nova Scotia, 8 Feb., 1831. He was educated at Sackville academy, New Brunswick, and in 1850 became a resident of Minnesota. For the next few years he was engaged in various clerical employments, and in 1856 he became edi- tor of the " Real Estate and Financial Advertiser," a weekly newspaper in St. Paul. In 1858 and 1859 he was on the editorial staff of the St. Paul " Pio- neer." In 1860 and 1861 he was commissioner of statistics of Minnesota. In the latter year, with oth- ers, he founded the St. Paul " Press," and in 1862 became its editor. Since that time he has been editor of the St. Paul " Press " and the " Pioneer Press." In 1871-5 he was postmaster at St. Paul.

WHEELOCK, Julia Susan, hospital nurse, b. in Avon, Ohio, 7 Oct., 1833. She was taken to Erie county, Pa., in 1837, and in 1855 went to Michigan, where she was educated in Kalamazoo college. In September, 1862, she was summoned from Ionia, Mich., where she was teaching, to the bedside of her brother, who had been wounded at the second battle of Bull Run, and after his death she con- tinued to serve in hospitals till the end of the war. In 1865-'73 she held a clerkship in the U. S. treas- ury department, and on 28 May, 1873, she married Parter C. Freeman, with whom she has since re- sided in Middleville, Mich., and Springfield, Mo. Her journal was published as •* The Boys in White : the Experience of a Hospital Agent in and around Washington " (New York, 1870).

WHEELWRIGHT, John, clergyman, b. in Lincolnshire, England, about 1592 ; d. in Salisbury, Mass., 15 Nov., 1679. He was graduated at Cambridge in 1614, and, entering the ministry of the established church, was vicar of Bilsby, near Alford, but he became a Puritan, and in 1636 emigrated to Boston to escape persecution. He was made pastor of a church at Mount Wollaston (now Braintree), and his sympathy with the religious opinions of his sister-in-law, Anne Hutchinson, caused dissensions, which were increased by a sermon that he delivered in Boston on the occasion of a fast that had been appointed by the general court in January, 1637. A majority of the con-