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448 tween 1798 and 1834. He became a member of the first city troop in 1798, captain in 1803, colonel of the regiment of cavalry in 1810, and was elected brigadier-general of the state militia. He was vice- president of the Washington benevolent society, of which he was an original member. — Robert's broth- er, Franklin, soldier, b. in Philadelphia, Pa., 23 July, 1767; d. in New York. 1 Sept., 1818, was ap- pointed colonel commandant of the U. S. marine corps under the administration of James Madison. Col. Wharton was intrusted with the management of an armory in Washington, D. C, in which small arms that belonged to the navy and marine corps were kept in readiness for service. — Gov. Thomas's grandson, Philip Fishbourne, artist, b. in Phila- delphia, Pa., 30 April, 1841; d. in Media, Pa., 28 July, 1880, studied at the Pennsylvania academy of fine arts, and afterward in Paris and Dresden. His best-known pictures are " Perdita," which re- ceived a medal at the Centennial exhibition of 1876, "Eventide," "Uncle Jim," "Over the Hills and Far Away," and " Waiting for the Parade." He also painted many water-colors, chiefly scenes in Florida and Nassau. — The first Joseph's grandson, Thomas Isaac, lawyer, b. in Philadelphia, Pa., 17 May, 1791 ; d. there, 7 April, 1856, was graduated at the University of Pennsylvania in 1807, studied law in the office of his uncle, William Rawle, was admitted to the bar, and ac- quired reputa- tion in his pro- fession and as a reporter of the Pennsylvania su- preme court. He served as captain of infantry in the war of 1812. He was a trustee of the University of Pennsylvania in 1837-'56, and a member of various philosophical and historical so- cieties. With Joel Jones and William Rawle (q. v.) he revised the civil code of Pennsylvania in 1830. He edited, with copious notes, the 3d edition of Alexander J. Dallas's " Reports of Cases in the Courts of the United States and Pennsylvania be- fore and since the Revolution" (4 vols., Philadel- phia, 1830), and was associated with Thomas Sar- geant and others in editing the "Law Library" (1833), and with Henry Wheaton in editing the 5th American edition of William Selwvn's " Abridg- ment of the Law of Nisi Prius " (1839). He was the author of " Digest of Cases in the Circuit Court of the United States, Third District, and in the Courts of Pennsylvania" (Philadelphia, 1822 ; 6th ed., including " A. Harris's Reports," 2 vols., 1853) ; " Digested Index to the Reported Decisions of the Several Courts of Law in the Western and Southern States" (1824); "Reports of Cases in the Supreme Court of Pennsylvania" (6 vols.. 1836-'41) ; " Letter on the Right and Power of the City of Philadelphia to Subscribe for Stock in the Pennsylvania Railroad Company " (1846) ; and various addresses and memoirs, including one on William Rawle, LL. D. (1840). He also con- tributed to Dennie's " Portfolio," and was an editor of the " Analectic Magazine." — Thomas Isaac's son, Francis, lawyer, b. in Philadelphia, Pa., 7 March, 1820, was graduated at Yale in 1839, studied law, was admitted to the bar in 1843, practised in Phila- delphia for fifteen years, and was assistant attornev- general in 1845. From 1856 till 1863 he was professor of logic and rhetoric in Kenyon college, Ohio, but he was ordained in the Protestant Epis- copal church in 1863, and became rector of St. Paul's church in Brookline, Mass. He was also professor of ecclesiastical and international law in the Cambridge divinity-school, and in Boston. In 1885 he was appointed solicitor for the department of state, and examiner of international claims, which office he still holds, and in 1888 he was ap- pointed, under a resolution of congress, editor of the Revolutionary diplomatic correspondence of the United States. The degree of D. D. was conferred on him by Kenyon college in 1883, and that of LL. D. by Kenyon in 1865 and by the University of Edinburgh in 1883. He is a member of various institutions of international and municipal law. With Charles E. Lex he edited the " Episcopal Recorder " in Philadelphia, and he has contributed to periodicals. He has edited several volumes of law reports, and is the author of " A Treatise on the Criminal Law of the United States " (Phila- delphia, 1846 ; 6th ed., 3 vols., 1868) ; " The State Trials of the United States during the Administra- tions of Washington and Adams (1849) ; "Prece- dents of Indictments and Pleas adapted to the Use both of the Courts of the United States and those of the Several States " (1849 : 2d ed., 1857) ; " A Treatise on the Law of Homicide in the United States" (1855); " A Treatise on Medical Jurispru- dence," with Dr. Moreton Stille(1855 ; 2d ed., with additions by Alfred Stille, 1860) ; " Treatise on Theism and Modern Skeptical Theories" (1859); " The Silence of Scripture, a Series of Lectures " (1867); "A Treatise on the Conflict of Laws" (Philadelphia, 1872); "The Law of Agency and Agents" (1876); and a "Digest of International Law" (1886). — Another son of Thomas, Henry, lawyer, b. in Philadelphia, Pa., 2 June, 1827; d. there, 11 Nov., 1880, was graduated at the Univer- sity of Pennsylvania in 1846, studied law under his father, and was admitted to the bar in 1849. In 1856 he became solicitor to the Philadelphia saving fund, and he was one of the three lawyers, includ- ing Eli K. Price and Edward Olmstead, whose opinions upon real estate were considered equiva- lent to a judgment of the supreme court. He was legal adviser of the Philadelphia bank and other corporations. With Asa J. Fish he edited the " American Law-Register," from 1852 till 1863, and wrote a " Practical and Elementary Treatise on the Law of Vicinage " (Philadelphia, 1868).— Thomas Isaac's nephew, Joseph, manufacturer, b. in Phila- delphia, Pa., 3 March, 1826. His mother, Deborah Fisher (1795-1888), was an approved minister of the Society of Friends for seventy years, belonging to the branch that has been called Hicksite. She was active in charities and an interested friend to the Indians, defending their rights in Washington and visiting their reservations. After receiving a good education in his native city, the son entered a mercantile house, and afterward engaged in the manufacture of white lead and paints, bricks, cop; per-mining and spelter, became owner of iron-', glass-, and steel-works, and has been a director in manufacturing, railroad, and banking corporations. He was among the first to establish the manufac- ture of spelter, nickel, and cobalt in this country, and was the first to make magnetic needles of other substance than steel. He aided in establishing the Bethlehem iron company, particularly its steel- forging plant for government work. Mr. Wharton owns the deposits of nickel ore in Lancaster county, Pa., which he purchased in 1873, and established his works in Camden, N. J. He early experimented to produce nickel in a pure and malleable condi-