Page:Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography (1889, volume 6).djvu/470

438 became distasteful alike to settlers and Indians, and at length, on becoming the subject of enmity and persecution, through his attempt to influence the secular affairs of the colony, he relinquished his work and returned to England in 1738. Shortly after his return he formed the first Methodist society in London, and in the following year, the established churches being closed against him, he joined George Whitefield in his open-air preaching. The number of societies increased, and in May he laid the foundation of the first Methodist chapel in the world at Bristol. At first there was no design to form a new denomination, his desire being rather to promote a revival within the established church. About 1740 differences with Whitefield on doctrinal questions caused the division of the societies into the Calvinistic and Arminian Methodists. He employed laymen in 1741 to take charge of the societies during his travels, assigned them circuits, thus forming the Methodist itineracy, and convened the first annual conference on 25 June, 1744. In 1760 some of his followers sailed for America from Ireland, and became the pioneers of Methodism in the New World. (See ../Embury, Philip; ../Heck, Barbara; and ../Strawbridge, Robert.) In 1769 Wesley, in response to an appeal from New York, sent over his first missionaries, who were followed by others in 1771. (See ../Asbury, Francis.) In 1780 Mr. Wesley, having been importuned by his missionaries for an ordained ministry, petitioned Bishop Lowth, of London, to ordain a presbyter to administer the sacraments in America. Being refused, he conferred with Thomas Coke, a presbyter of the Church of England, and with others, and on 2 Sept., 1784, he ordained Coke bishop, after ordaining Thomas Vasey and Richard Whatcoat as presbyters, with his assistance and that of another presbyter. Bishop Coke immediately sailed for this country, and established the Methodist Episcopal church. This same year Wesley issued his &ldquo;Deed of Declaration,&rdquo; by which the government of the church was assigned to the conference of 100 members and their successors forever. Wesley had sent by Bishop Coke an abridgment of the English liturgy, entitled &ldquo;The Sunday Services of the Methodists in North America&rdquo; (London, 1784), with a &ldquo;Collection of Psalms and Hymns for the Lord's Day,&rdquo; by John and Charles Wesley (1784). The liturgy soon fell into disuse. He abridged the &ldquo;Articles of Religion&rdquo; from the Forty-nine articles of the English church, and the &ldquo;Discipline of American Methodism&rdquo; (1785) from his &ldquo;Large Minutes&rdquo;; and his &ldquo;General Rules&rdquo; for membership was adopted by the conference. His works number about 200 volumes. Collections of his writings have appeared in London (32 vols., 1771-'4; 16 vols., 1806). The first American edition was published in Philadelphia (10 vols., 1826).

The best is a corrected edition by Rev. Thomas Jackson, D. D. (7 vols., New York, 1831). His life was written by Dr. Thomas Coke and Henry Moore, to whom all his manuscripts were left (London, 1792); by Robert Southey (2 vols., London, 1820); and by Rev. Luke Tyerman (3 vols., London, 1870-'1). See also &ldquo;History of the Religious Movement of the Eighteenth Century,&rdquo; by Rev. Abel Stevens, D. D. (3 vols., New York, 1859-'62); &ldquo;History of the Methodist Episcopal Church in America,&rdquo; by the same (4 vols., New York, 1864-'7; abridged ed., 1868); the &ldquo;Living Wesley,&rdquo; by Dr. James Harrison Rigg (London, 1875); and &ldquo;Journal of John Wesley,&rdquo; in his works, edited by John Emory (7 vols., New York, 1835). &mdash; His brother, Charles, clergyman, b. in Epworth, England, 18 Dec., 1708; d. in London, 29 March, 1788, was graduated at Oxford in 1732, and in 1729 was the founder of the society there which, under the leadership of John, was the beginning of Arminian Methodism. After being ordained, he sailed with his brother for Georgia, as Gen. Oglethorpe's secretary, and preacher to the colonists. But the latter refused to conform to the severity of his discipline, and, after an unsuccessful effort in Frederica, he went to Savannah, thence to Charleston, and returned home in 1736. Two years later he joined his brother's itinerancy, meeting with great success, and spent the last years of his life in London. He is best known as a hymn-writer, standing second only to Dr. John Watts. He wrote 7,000 hymns, most of which possess great merit, 625 being in use by the Wesleyans. A volume of his sermons, with a memoir, was published in 1816; a &ldquo;Journal,&rdquo; with notes, by Rev. Thomas Jackson (2 vols., London, 1841); and a &ldquo;Poetical Version of the Psalms of David,&rdquo; edited by the Rev. Henry Fish (Nashville, Tenn., 1854); See &ldquo;Memorials of the Wesley Family&rdquo; (London, 1876).

WESSELLS, Henry Walton, soldier, b. in Litchfield, Conn., 20 Feb., 1809. He was graduated at the U. S. military academy in 1833, assigned to the 2d infantry, and was in the war with the Seminole Indians in 1837-'40, being promoted 1st lieutenant on 7 July, 1838. He served in the Mexican war, taking part in Scott's campaign, and was promoted captain. 16 Feb., 1847. At Contreras, Capt. Wessells, though wounded, seized the regimental flag on the death of the color-sergeant, and led his men against the enemy. For gallant conduct there and at Churubusco he was brevetted major, and on his return from Mexico the state of Connecticut presented him with a jeweled sword "for distinguished services at Vera Cruz, Cerro Gordo, Contreras, and Churubusco." He served on the Pacific coast in 1849-'54, and on the northwestern frontier in 1855-'61, being engaged in the Sioux expedition of 1855. He was promoted major, 6 June, 1861, and from 22 Aug. till 15 Feb., 1862, was colonel of the 8th Kansas volunteers, being engaged on the Missouri border. In March, 1862, he was transferred to the Army of the Potomac, and on 25 April he was commissioned brigadier-general of volunteers. After serving in the peninsular campaign, being wounded at Fair Oaks, where he was brevetted lieutenant-colonel, and commanding the rear-guard from Haxall's to Harrison's landing, 2-3 July, 1862, he engaged in the defence of Suffolk, Va., from 20 Sept. till 9 Dec, and afterward took part in the operations in North Carolina. He was at Kinston and Goldsboro', and in the defence of New Berne, 21 Dec, 1862, till 1 May, 1863, and on 3 May was placed in command of the sub-district of the Albemarle. On 17 April, 1864, the town of Plymouth, N. C, which Gen.