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Rh store, and served in 1818 as 2d lieutenant of volun- teers against the Seminoles. Afterward he studied law, was admitted to the bar in 1821, and practised in various places, finally establishing his residence in Albany. He was a member of the legislature in 1824 and 1831, state senator in 1830, solicitor- general, and judge of the southern circuit in 1831-'4. He was twice elected to represent his district in congress as a Whig, serving in 1839-'43, and subsequently was made judge of the superior court, where he served in 1843-'52. Judge War- ren was also an ordained Baptist minister, though he preached only occasionally. He was active in promoting temperance, Sunday-school work, and all philanthropic enterprises.

WARREN, Minnie, dwarf, b. in Middlebor- ough, Mass., 2 June, 1849; d. there, 23 July, 1878. She was the younger sister of Lavinia Warren, who married Charles S. Stratton (Tom Thumb), her real name being Huldah Peirce Bump. In 1863 she was engaged by Phineas T. Barnum, and assumed the name of Wan-en. Under his manage- ment she travelled extensively with Gen. Tom Thumb, Commodore Nutt, and her sister. She was bridesmaid at the celebrated wedding of the latter in Grace church, New York, on 10 Feb., 1863. Subsequently she married Maj. Edward Newall, a dwarf, and died in childbirth.

WARREN, Nathan Boughton, author, b. in Troy, N. Y., 4 July, 1805. His grandfather and father removed from Norwalk, Conn., to Troy in 1798, and were successful merchants, and from them he inherited an independent fortune. He was educated privately, visited England with Bish- op Doane, of New Jersey, in 1841, and made a tour of the cathedrals, which suggested to him the idea of adapting the cathedral or choral service of the English church to the American Book of Common Prayer. These services were first introduced in 1844 into a mission church that was founded by his mother. He had a fine taste for music, com- posed some anthems, and received the degree of Mus. Doc. from Trinity college. He was also skilled in architecture, and designed his villa residence at Mount Ida, which is built in a chastely ornamented Gothic style. He published " The Order of Daily Service, with the Musical Notation as used in Eng- lish Cathedral and Collegiate Churches, etc. " (New York, 1846); "The Ancient Plain Song of the Church" (1855); "The Holidays: Christmas, Eas- ter, and Whitsuntide, their Social Festivities, Cus- toms, and Carols" (1868) ; and " Hidden Treasure, or the Good St. Nicholas: a Goblin Story for Christmas " (1872).

WARREN, Sir Peter, British naval officer, b. in Ireland before 1703 ; d. there, 29 July, 1752. He entered the navy in 1727, and had attained the rank of commodore in 1745, when he was appointed to command an armament that was intended for an attack on Louisburg. He joined the fleet of trans- ports with the land forces under Sir William Pep- perrell from Boston, in Casco bay, on 25 April, with four ships, carrying 180 guns. On 30 April the combined forces appeared before Louisburg, and on 1 May the siege was begun. (See Pepper- rell, William.) On 18 May, Capt. Edward Tyng, in the " Massachusetts " frigate, captured a French man-of-war of 64 guns, with more than 500 men and a large quantity of stores for the garrison, and this success greatly raised the spirits of the be- siegers. Warren's fleet was re-enforced by the ar- rival of three large ships from England and three from Newfoundland, and, serious breaches having been made in the walls, it was determined to order a general assault ; but the French commander, see- ing that further resistance would be useless, sur- rendered the fortress on 16 June. By the capitu- lation, 650 veteran troops, more than 1,300 militia, and other persons— in all about 4,000 — agreed not to bear arms against Great Britain during the war. Seventy-six cannon and mortars, and a great quan- tity of military stores, were also taken. The French loss in killed was 300; the English was 130, but the latter suffered heavily from disease. Pepper- rell was made a baronet for his share in the victory, and Warren was promoted to rear-admiral, 8 Aug., 1745. He aided in defeating a French squadron off Cape Finisterre in 1747, capturing the greater part of it, and in the same year was elected to parliament for Westminster. Sir Peter married Susan, eldest daughter of Stephen De Lancey, of New York, and was the owner of a valuable estate in the Mohawk valley, which he placed in charge of his nephew, William, afterward Sir William Johnson.

WARREN, Samuel Edward, educator, b. in West Newton, Mass., 29 Oct., 1831. He was graduated at the Rensselaer polytechnic institute in 1851, where, during the same year, he became assistant in charge of descriptive geometry and drawing. In 1854 he was appointed professor, and remained until 1872, when he accepted a similar chair in the Massachusetts institute of technology. In 1875 he resigned the latter post, and also that of lecturer in the Massachusetts normal art-school, which he had held from 1872. He then devoted his attention to the revision of his series of text- books and to conducting a school of private in- struction in Newton, Mass., his present residence. Prof. Warren made an exhibit of his works and of drawings by his pupils, illustrating their use, at the World's fair in Philadelphia in 1876, which was complimented in the official reports, and a similar one at the fair in Paris in 1878, for which he received a diploma. He is a member of various scientific and educational societies, and, in addition to numerous contributions on educational subjects to current reviews and periodicals, he has published a series of text-books, including " General Problems from the Orthographic Projections of Descriptive Geometry" (New York, 1860); "Students', Drafts- men's, and Artisans' Manual " (1861 ; afterward issued as "ElementaryvProjection Drawing," 1867) ; " Elementary Linear Perspective " (1863) ; " Draft- ing Instruments and Operations" (1865); "Ele- mentary Plane Problems " (1867) ; " General Prob- lems of Shades and Shadows " (1867) ; " General Problems in the Linear Perspective of Form, Shadow, and Reflection" (1868); "Elements of Machine Construction and Drawing " (2 vols., 1870) ; " Elementary Free-hand Geometrical Drawing " (1873) ; " Elements of Descriptive Geometry : Part I., Surfaces of Revolution," afterward issued as " Problems, Theorems, and Examples in Descrip- tive Geometry " (1874) ; " Problems in Stone-Cut- ting " (1875) ; " Elements of Descriptive Geometry, Shadows and Perspective" (1877); "Elements of Plane and Solid Free-hand Geometrical Drawing " (1878) ; and " A Primary Geometry " (1887).

WARREN, Samuel Prowse, organist, b. in Montreal. Canada, 18 Feb., 1841. He is the son of Samuel Russell Warren (1809-82), a well-known organ-builder of that city. He went to Berlin in 1861, and studied for four years, giving his attention especially to the organ. In 1864 he returned to Montreal, and in the following year he removed to New York, where he still resides. For two years he played the organ at Dr. Henry W. Bellows's church, after which he became organist of Grace church. He then played for some time at Trinity church, after which he returned to his old post at Grace