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356 and churches built at Stockton, Sacramento, Pe- taluma, Grass Valley, Coloma, Placerville, Los Angeles, Negro Hill, Virginia City, Carson City, Red Bluffs, and Chico. He was elected bishop in 1868. Since 1884 he has had charge of Arkansas, Louisiana, and Indian territory.

WARD, William Hayes, Assyriologist, b. in Abington, Mass., 25 June, 1835. He was gradu- ated at Amherst in 1856, and entered Union theo- logical seminary, New York city, was a tutor at Beloit college in 1857-8, and then completed his theological studies at Andover seminary, being graduated in 1859. He preached for one year at Oskaloosa, Kan., receiving ordination on 8 Jan., 1860, resumed teaching at Williston seminary, Easthampton. Mass., in 1861, taught natural sci- ence at the Utica free academy in 1863-'5, and was subsequently professor of Latin at Ripon col- lege, Wis., till 1868, when he went to New York city as associate editor of the " Independent," of which he became superintending editor two years later. In September, 1884. he went, in charge of the Wolfe expedition, to Babylonia, and remained about a year, exploring the ruins south of Bagdad. He received the degree of D. D. from the Univer- sity of the city of New York and from Rutgers college in 1873. and that of LL. D. from Amherst in 1885. Dr. Ward, who still edits the tf Independ- ent," is the author of articles on oriental archae- ology in the " Proceedings " of the Palestine ex- ploration society, the American archaeological in- stitute, and the American oriental society, as well as in " Bibliotheca Sacra " and other periodicals. He wrote a biographical introduction to the " Poems " of Sidney Lanier (New York. 1884), and on his return from the East prepared a report of the expedition in pamphlet-form.

WARD, William Thomas, soldier, b. in Amelia county, Va., 9 Aug., 1808 ; d. in Louisville, Ky., 12 Oct., 1878. He was educated at St. Mary's college, near Lebanon. Ky., studied law, and practised in Greensburg. In 1847 he joined a regiment of Ken- tucky volunteers, was commissioned as major, and served in Mexico till July, 1848. He was elected to the Kentucky legislature on his return, and was a representative in congress from 1 Dec, 1851, till 3 March, 1853. He was appointed a brigadier-gen- eral in the National army on 18 Sept., 1861, organ- ized a brigade of volunteers in Kentucky, com- manded all troops south of Louisville' and was en- gaged in the pursuit of Gen. John H. Morgan in 1862, was attached to the Army of the Ohio in No- vember, commanded at Gallatin, Tenn., and served through Gen. William T. Sherman's campaigns, re- linquishing the command of a division in the Cum- berland at the beginning of the Atlanta campaign to assume that of a brigade in the 20th corps. His men effected a lodgment in the enemy's fortifica- tions at Resaca. and he was severely wounded in the arm and side, but would not leave the field. He was also in the battles before the fall of At- lanta, and in the inarch to the sea commanded a division, performing effective services in the fights that preceded the surrender of Gen. Joseph E. Johnston's army. He was brevetted major-general on 24 Feb., 1865, and mustered out on 24 Aug., after which he practised law in Louisville, Ky.

WARDEN, David Bailie, author, b. in Ireland in 1778 ; d. in Paris, France, 9 Oct., 1845. He came to this country when young, received a classi- cal education, and was graduated at New York medical college. He was appointed secretary of legation to Gen. John Armstrong, minister to France, in 1804, and subsequently consul at Paris, which post he held forty years. He was distin- guished for his scientific attainments and varied learning, was a member of the French academy, and formed two libraries of American books, one of which was acquired by Harvard in 1823, and the other by the New York state library in 1840. Pie published " Inquiry concerning the Intellectual and Moral Faculties and Literature of the Ne- groes " (Paris, 1810) ; " Origin and Nature of Con- sular Establishments " ; " Description of the District of Columbia" (1816): "Statistical, Political, and Historical Account of the United States of North America " (3 vols., Edinburgh, 1819) ; " L'art de verifier les dates, chronologie de l'Amerique " (10 vols., Paris, 1826-'44) ; " Bibliotheca Americana Septentrionalis, etc." (1820) ; " Recherches sur les antiquites de l'Amerique Septentrionale " (1827) ; and " Bibliotheca Americana (1831).

WARDEN, Robert Bruce, author, b. in Bards- town, Nelson co., Ky., 18 Jan., 1824. He was edu- cated privately, studied law, was admitted to the bar in April, 1845, became president-judge of the court of common pleas at Cincinnati, afterward reporter of the supreme court of Ohio, and then associate judge of that court. Since 1873 he has resided in Washington, D.C. Judge Warden has written much for the press and has published " A Familiar Forensic View of Man and Law " (Colum- bus, 1859) ; " A Voter's Version of the Life and Character of Stephen Arnold Douglas" (1860); '• An Account of the Private Life and Public Ser- vices of Salmon Portland Chase " (Cincinnati, 1874) ; and vols, ii., iii., and iv. of the " Ohio Re- ports." He is preparing for publication " A View of Land and Life.

WARDER, John Aston, physician, b. near Philadelphia, Pa., 19 Jan., 1812 ; d. in North Bend, Ohio, 14 July, 1883. In early life he was associated with William Bartram and William Darlington, who were among his neighbors, and with John J. Audubon, Francois A. Michaux,. and Thomas Nuttall, who were visitors at his father's house and from whom he acquired a great fondness for nature and learned to use his powers of observation. In 1830 he removed with his parents to Springfield, Ohio, but, returning to Philadelphia, was graduated at Jefferson medical college in 1836. Settling in Cincinnati in 1837, he followed his profession there until 1855. Meanwhile he took an active interest in everything that tended to advance education and science. He was early chosen a member of the school-board, and he travelled extensively, studying systems of teaching and the construction of school-houses that he might introduce improved plans into Cincinnati. He was associated in the organization of the Cincinnati astronomical society, the Western academy of natural sciences, the Cincinnati horticultural society, the Ohio Medical college, and the Cincinnati society of natural history, of which he was president for five years. Dr. Warder also served on the State board of agriculture and was among the first to direct public attention to the beautifying of public and private parks and cemeteries. He was associated in the establishment of the Spring Grove cemetery and did much to develop the Eublic interest in landscape gardening. In 1873 e was appointed U. S. commissioner to the World's fair in Vienna, and prepared the official report for the U. S. government on " Forests and Forestry." Ho was connected with the founding of the American forestry association in 1875 and was active in the establishment of the American forestry congress. In 1883 he was chosen honorary president of the Ohio state forestry association, and was appointed by the department of agriculture to report