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226 in Richmond, and exhibited a statuette of Robert E. Lee. He made several ideal heads, among them " The Samaritan Woman " and " Penitent

Thief," which were admired for their facial ex- pression, and several portrait busts of southern leaders, including Gen. Pierre G. T. Beauregard, Gen. James E. B. Stuart, " Stonewall " Jackson, Com. Matthew F. Maury, and Gen. Albert Sidney Johnston, a colossal head of Humboldt, a head of Beethoven, a portrait bust of Edwin Booth, and " Grief," a marble female figure. He was finally given the commission to execute the marble figure of Gen. Robert E. Lee (see illustration), in the mausoleum attached to the chapel of Washing- ton and Lee university at Lexington, Va. This is among the finest pieces of sculpture of the kind in the United States. Another of his works is a group representing Andromache and Astyanax.

VALENTINE, Milton (val-en'-tine), theologian, b. near Uniontown, Carroll co., Md., 1 Jan., 1825. He was graduated at Pennsylvania college, Gettys- burg, in 1850, and at the theological seminary there in 1852, and was ordained to the Lutheran minis- try by the synod of Maryland in 1853. During his theological course he was tutor in Pennsylvania college in 1850-'3, and supplied the Lutheran con- gregation at Winchester, Va., in 1852. He was a missionary at Alleghany, Pa., in 1853-4, pastor at Greensburg, Pa., in 1854-'5, principal of Emaus institute, Middletown, Pa., in 1855-'9, pastor of St. Matthew's congregation, Reading, Pa., in 1859-'65, professor of ecclesiastical history and church poli- ty in the theological seminary at Gettysburg in 1866-'8, and president of Pennsylvania college in 1868-'84, and he has been professor of systematic theology and chairman of the faculty at Gettys- burg theological seminary since 1884. He received the degree of D. D. in 1866 from Pennsylvania col- lege, and that of LL. D. in 1886 from Wittenberg college, Springfield, Ohio. He is a frequent con- tributor to the periodicals of his church, especially theological reviews, and he was joint editor of the " Lutheran Quarterly Review," Gettysburg, Pa., in 1871-5 and 1880-'6. Many of his review articles have been published separately, and have had a wide circulation. Besides these and numerous baccalaureate sermons, he has issued " Natural The- ology and Rational Theism " (Chicago, 1885).

VALENZUELA, Crisanto (vah-lain-thoo-ay- lah), Colombian patriot, b. in Gambita, Santander. in 1777; d. in Bogota, 6 July, 1816. He studied in the College of San Bartolome, where he was graduated as LL. D. in 1795, and became professor of philosophy. In 1803 he was admitted to the bar of the royal audience, and in the following year obtained the title of attorney of that court. When independence was proclaimed, Valenzuela rendered important services to the patriot cause, and occupied many posts under the republican government, among which were those of deputy and secretary of congress, secretary of the senate, and secretary of foreign relations. He was the author of the famous manifesto of the Junta de Santa Fe, entitled " Motivos que han obligado al Nucvo Reino de Granada, a reasumir su Sobera- nia." Valenzuela was captured at the entry of Morillo into Bogota. 26 May, and was shot, Morillo declaring in an official despatch that all graduates of colleges in South America, and especially law- yers, ought to be exterminated.

VALENZUELA, Pedro Fernandez, Spanish adventurer, b. in Cordova, Spain ; d. in Spain. He lived in the 16th century. He came with Gonzalo Jimenez de Quesada to New Grenada, and was com- missioned by the latter in 1538 to search for a suita- ble site on the prairie of Bogota on which to build a city. After exploring the country he found a place at the foot of the hills that was afterward called Monserrate and Guadalupe, on a gentle declivity to which the name Teusaquillo was given by the Indians. Quesada was satisfied and founded there the city of Santa Fe de Bogota. He was the first to discover the emerald mines of Somondoco (1537), which were worked by the Indians with wooden shovels. Afterward he contributed largely to the conquest of the Chipataes Indians, whom he treated with cruelty. At the end of several years he re- turned to Spain, filled with remorse for the cruel deeds he had perpetrated against the natives. He studied for the priesthood, was ordained, and spent the remainder of his life in solitude.

VALERIANO, Antonio (vah-lay-re-ah'-no), Mexican scholar, b. in Azcapotzalco about 1525 ; d. in the city of Mexico in 1605. He was a son of one of the caciques of Azcapotzalco, who had in- termarried with the family of Montezuma, and died in Cortes's expedition to Hibueras. The boy showed such a desire for learning that he was one of the first Indian youths that the viceroy Antonio de Mendoza placed in the imperial col- lege of Santa Cruz de Tlaltelolco, which he founded. Valeriano superseded his Franciscan teachers as professor of Latin and rhetoric, and also taught classes in Aztec and antiquarian sci- ence, in which Juan Bautista and Torquemada became his pupils. On account of his influence among the natives and his honesty, he was ap- pointed, by the viceroy Martin Enriquez de Ai- manza, in 1570, governor of the Indians of Mexico, which place he held till his death. He wrote many Latin letters, of which there was a volume at the beginning of the 19th century in the Jesuit library of Tepozotlan, a " Caton Cristiano " in Aztec, and the famous ft Nican mopehua, motecpana in quenin yancuican huei Tlamahuizoltica, omonexiti in cen- quizca itechiposhtli Santa Maria, Dios Inantzin, tozihuapili Tlatocatzin in onca Tepeyac motene- hua." The last is an Aztec relation of how the image of the Virgin appeared, painted in flowers, on the mountain of Tepeyac. According to Carlos de Siguenza, the manuscript in Valeriano's own writing existed in the collection . of Fernando Ixtlilxochitl. Some authorities think that Valeri- ano merely translated the narrative from the Span- ish text of an unknown author.

VALERIANOS, Apostolos, known as Juan de Fuca, Greek navigator, b. in Cephalonia in 1531 ; d. in Zante in 1602. For thirty years he served as a sailor and pilot in the Spanish possessions of America. In 1590 he sailed as pilot with a commander that had been sent by the viceroy of Mexico with three ships to discover the fabulous Strait of Anian, but on the coast of California the crew mutinied, and the officers were forced to return to Acapulco. In 1592 Fuca was sent again on the same errand by the viceroy Luis de Velasco, with one caravel and an armed sloop. In latitude 48° north he found a wide inlet, through which he