Page:Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography (1889, volume 6).djvu/237

Rh Goochland county, Va., 7 Aug., 1808. was graduated at the University of Virginia in 1830, served in the Kentucky legislature in 1848-'9, and was elected to congress, as an American, serving from 3 Dec, 1855, till 3 March, 1859.— Joseph R.'s son, John Cox, engineer, b. in Georgetown, D. C, 12 Sept., 1840, removed to Kentucky with his father. Af- ter graduation at Rensselaer polytechnic insti- tute in 1862, he entered the Confederate army and served as a military engineer in Virginia, but was captured in 1863 and confined in pris- ons in Cincinnati and Boston until the close of the war. He then returned to Kentucky, where he has since engaged in engineering, and has con- tributed to the improvement of his part of the state. He was engineer in charge of the public works of Warren county, city engineer of Bowling Green in 1868-75, and mayor of that town in 1870-'2. He was active in the reorganization of the Democratic party in Kentucky, was a member of the state executive committee, speaker of the senate in 1876, where his casting-vote defeated the whipping-post bill, and in 1876-'80 was lieuten- ant-governor of Kentucky. Mr. Underwood es- tablished the " Kentucky Intelligencer " in Bow- ling Green, but transferred this journal to Louis- ville, and consolidated it with the " Post." In 1881 he removed to Covington, and organized a daily newspaper publishing company in Cincinnati, Ohio, where in 1882 the " Daily News," of which he was general manager, began to be issued. He has pub- lished various official documents in the form of pamphlets and reports.

UNDERWOOD, William Henderson, jurist, b. in Culpeper county, Va., 13 Sept., 1779 ; d. in Marietta, Ga., 4 Aug., 1859. At an early age he removed with his father to Elbert county, Ga., ob- tained his education by his own exertions, and taught in a country school for several years. He studied law, was admitted to the bar in 1810, and after the war of 1812, in which he served as a captain of volunteers, rose in his profession, and for several years was judge of the western circuit, being elected to this post in 1825. He was the leading counsel of the Cherokees during their con- troversy with the state of Georgia, and became famous in the supreme court of the United States for the ability with which he advocated their cause.

UNZAGA, Luisde (oon-thah'-gah), Spanish sol- dier, b. about 1720 ; d. in Spain about 1790. He early entered military service, and, after taking part in the operations of Charles of Naples against Aus- tria, was promoted brigadier, and in 1769 ap- pointed governor of Louisiana, to succeed Alexan- der O'Reilly, who, by his rigorous measures against the opposition to Spanish annexation, had in- curred the dislike of the Creoles, and was removed by the home government. Unzaga, by his concili- atory policy, soon repaired the evils that had arisen under O'Reilly, and in 1776 was promoted and appointed captain-general of Caracas, whence he returned in 1783 to take charge of the general gov- ernment of Cuba. One of his first measures was to prohibit the unrestrained cutting of cedar- wood, as this useful tree was threatened with extinction by enormous exportation and waste at home. When, in the same year, by the treaty of Ver- sailles, Florida was restored to Spain, more than 5,000 former residents of that province, who had settled in Cuba, returned to their homes, and, to offset this loss of labor, Unzaga contracted with several French and English firms for the importa- tion of 15,000 negroes. In February, 1785, he was superseded by Count Bernardo de Galvez, and he then returned to Spain.

UPCHURCH, John Jorden, mechanic, b. in Franklin county, N. C, 26 March, 1822; d. in Steelville, Mo, 18 Jan., 1887. His education was acquired in a country school previous to his thir- teenth year. He was alternately clerk in a coun- try store and a farmer until 1841, when he married, and opened a hotel in Raleigh. Trying to keep a temperance hotel, he failed, and was for thirteen years master-mechanic on the Mine Hill and Schuylkill Haven railroad. In 1864 he tried the oil business and lost all his savings. For four years he drifted about, and in 1868 secured a situa- tion in the machine-shops of the Atlantic and Great Western railroad at Meadville, Pa. Here he prepared the first ritual and organized the first lodge of the Ancient order of united workmen, to which his principal reputation is due. The lodge was organized on 27 Oct., 1868, with fourteen mem- bers. It has since spread into every state and ter- ritory of the Union, has more than 150,000 mem- bers, and pays out about $2,000,000 annually in benefits to the families of deceased members. The plan that was devised and used by the society for disbursing sums of money to beneficiaries was so original and proved so popular as practically to revolutionize the life-insurance business. Other societies followed, with many variations on the plan, until the amount of life insurance that is now carried by the various fraternal beneficiary socie- ties is many times greater than that carried by all the stock-company societies in the country. Fa- ther Upchurch, as he was called, subsequently re- moved to Steelville, Mo. He travelled much in the later years of his life, in the interest of the society that he had founded.

UPDIKE, Wilkins, lawyer, b. in Kingston, R. I.. 8 Jan.,- 1784; d. there, 14 Jan., 1867. He studied law, was admitted to the bar, served many years in the legislature, and was the author of " Memoirs of the Rhode Island Bar " (Boston, 1842), and a " History of the Episcopal Church in Narra- gansett Pier, R. I." (New York, 1847).

UPFOLD, George, P. E. bishop, b. in Sheneley Green, near Guilford, Surrey, England, 7 May, 1796 ; d. in Indianapolis, Ind., 26 Aug., 1872. He came to the United States when he was eight years of age, the family settling in Albany, N. Y. He was graduated at Union college in 1814, and took a course in medicine at the College of physicians and surgeons in New York city, receiving his degree of M. D. in 1816. In 1817 he began the study of theology under the direction of Bishop Hobart. He was ordered deacon in Trinity church, New York, 21 Oct., 1818, by Bishop Hobart, and or- dained priest in Trinity church, Lansingburg, N. Y., 13 July, 1820, by the same prelate. He re- mained in Lansingburg as rector about two years, when he removed to New York city and became rector of St. Luke's church, which post he held for eight years, when he was elected rector of St. Thomas's church. He removed to Pennsylvania in 1831, taking the rectorship of Trinity church, Pittsburg, from which post he was elevated to the episcopate. He was consecrated first bishop of Indiana, in Christ church, Indianapolis, 16 Dec, 1849. Bishop Upfold received the degree of S. T. D. from Columbia in 1831, and that of LL. D. from the Western university of Pennsyl- vania in 1856. His writings include " The Last Hundred Years," a lecture (Pittsburg, Pa., 1845) ; " Manual of Devotions for Domestic and Private Use " (New York, 1863) ; and sermons, pastoral letters, and addresses.

UPHAM, James, educator, b. in Salem, Mass., 23 Jan., 1815. He was graduated at Waterville