Page:Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography (1889, volume 6).djvu/204

180 tied in practice in Milford, Conn. Subsequently he removed to Upper Middletown (now Cromwell), where he became intimate with Dr. Thomas Miner, whose views on the nature and treatment of spotted fever he adopted. In 1824 he was called to the presidency of the Vermont academy of medicine in Castleton, Vt., where he also lec- tured on the theory and practice of medicine. He removed to Albany in 1826, and was asso- ciated with Dr. Alden March in the practice of medicine. In 1829 he settled in New Haven, where he was appointed professor of materia medica in the medical department of Yale, which chair he held until 1842, when he resigned. He removed to Springfield in 1851, and there spent the remainder of his life in poverty. Dr. Tully was distinguished as a botanist, and was regarded as one of the most learned and thoroughly scientific physicians in New England. He contributed to the medical journals of his time, and assisted in the revision of Webster's " Dictionary of the English Language " (editions of 1840 and 1847). With Dr. Thomas Miner he published " Essays upon Fever and other Medical Subjects" (Middletown, 1823), and he was the author of " Materia Medica, or Pharmacology and Therapeutics" (Springfield, 1857-'8).

TUOMEY, Michael, geologist, b. in Cork, Ireland, 29 Sept., 1808; d. in Tuscaloosa, Ala., 30 March, 1857. He came to the United States in his youth, and after an unsuccessful experience in farming was graduated at Rensselaer polytechnic institute in 1835. Subsequently he taught in Somerset county, Md., and also followed civil engineering. In 1844 he was appointed state geologist of South Carolina, and m 1847 he was called to the chair of mineralogy, geology, and agricultural chemistry in the University of Alabama. This professorship he held until his death, and in 1848 he was appointed state geologist of Alabama. The degree of A. M. was conferred on him, and he was a member of the Boston society of natural history and of the American association for the advancement of science. His published reports include &ldquo;Geological and Agricultural Survey of the State of South Carolina&rdquo; (Columbia, 1844); &ldquo;Report on the Geology of South Carolina&rdquo; (1848); &ldquo;First Biennial Report on the Geology of Alabama&rdquo; (Tuscaloosa, 1850); &ldquo;Geological Map of Alabama&rdquo; (1853); and &ldquo;Second Biennial Report of the Geology of Alabama,&rdquo; edited by John W. Mallett (Montgomery, 1858). With Francis S. Holmes he issued &ldquo;Fossils of South Carolina&rdquo; (10 parts, Charleston, 1855-'7).

TUPAC-AMARU (too'-pak-ah'-mah-roo), member of the Peruvian inca family, b. in Cuzco about 1540; d. there in 1573. He was the second son of Manco Inca Yupanqui, who, after the execution of Atahualpa, had been recognized by Pizarro as successor to the throne. After his father's death the eldest son, Sayri-Tupac, submitted to the Spanish rule, and was baptized and rewarded by a tract of land and an Indian commandery at Urubamba; but Tupac-Amaru refused to renounce his family claims, and retired to the mountains of Vilcabamba. When Sayri-Tupac died, the family claims devolved upon Tupac-Amaru, and as the Indians recognized him as the legitimate successor to the throne of the incas, the viceroy, Francisco de Toledo, resolved to capture the prince. In 1572, under pretext of sending auxiliaries to Chili, he ordered 250 men to march against the district of Vilcabamba, where they began hostilities against Tupac-Amaru. The latter resisted in self-defence, and, after he had been defeated several times, and his means of subsistence had been cut off, fled with

his family and some followers to the mountain-fastnesses, where he thought himself secure. But receiving notice of his retreat, Capt. Martin de Loyola, with twenty men, crossed at night the mountain-stream that defended the inca's retreat, and captured the camp by surprise, carrying the unhappy prince with his family as prisoners to Cuzco. There the judge, Gabriel Loarte, by the viceroy's order, began a criminal process against Tupac, under the pretext that he had incited an armed revolt, and he was condemned to death and beheaded at Cuzco, while his children were transported as prisoners to Spain. &mdash; The name was adopted by Jose Gabriel Condorcanqui, who, claiming to be a lineal descendant of the incas, raised a rebellion against the Spaniards in 1780, and was executed in 1781.

TUPAC INCA YUPANQUI (too-pak-ing-kah-yoo-pang'-ke), eleventh inca of Peru, b. in Cuzco about 1420; d. there in 1483. He was a son of the inca Yupanqui and Mama Chimpu Ocllo, and succeeded his father on the throne in 1453, beginning his reign by visiting the different provinces of his empire, in which undertaking he spent four years. After gathering an army of more than 40,000 men at Cajamarca, he conquered the territories of Moyabamba, Chachapoyas, Ayabaca, and Huancabamba, and, on his return to Cuzco, completed the construction of the famous fortress of Sacsahuana, which had been begun under the reign of his father. Some years afterward he marched again to the conquest of the northern tribes and subjugated Huanuco and the Cañari territory. In his old age he sent another army northward, but remained in Cuzco, giving the command to his eldest son, Huayna Capac, who conquered Quito and Pasto, and by whom he was succeeded.

TUPPER, Benjamin, soldier, b. in Stoughton, Mass., in August, 1738; d. in Marietta, Ohio, in June, 1792. He served as a soldier in the French war of 1756-'63, and afterward taught. Soon after the battle of Lexington he was a major at Boston, and distinguished himself in a boat expedition at Castle island, Boston harbor. He became a lieutenant-colonel, 4 Nov., 1775, colonel of the 11th Massachusetts early in 1776, and in August of the same year commanded the gun-boats and galleys on the North river. He served under Gen. Horatio Gates at Saratoga, was at the battle of Monmouth in 1778, and was brevetted a general before the close of the war. With Gen. Rufus Putnam he originated the Ohio land company, was appointed in 1785 surveyor of Ohio lands, and served against Shays's rebellion in 1786. He settled at Marietta, Ohio, in 1787, and became a judge in 1788. &mdash; His son,, was a brigadier-general of Ohio volunteers, and served under Gen. Harrison in 1812. He died at Gallipolis, Ohio, in 1823.

TUPPER, Charles, clergyman, b. in Cornwallis, Nova Scotia, 6 Aug., 1794; d. in Aylesford, N. S., 19 Jan., 1881. He was ordained to the work of the Baptist ministry, 17 July, 1817, and was