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166 and the Great Colony&rdquo; (New York, 1875); &ldquo;Life and Times of Sir Walter Raleigh&rdquo; (Cincinnati, Ohio, 1878); &ldquo;Life and Times of John Knox&rdquo; (1878); &ldquo;Memoirs of John Howard&rdquo; (1878); &ldquo;The Thirty Years' War&rdquo; (1879); &ldquo;Heroes of Holland&rdquo; (1882); and &ldquo;Life of Capt. John Smith&rdquo; (1882).

TRUGUET, Laurent Jean Francois (troo- fay), Comte, French naval officer, b. in Toulon, 10 ah., 1752 ; d. in Paris, 26 Dec, 1839. He entered the navy in 1756. and had made eight cruises to the Gulf of Mexico and South America at the be- ginning of the war of 1778. He was then attached as lieutenant to the fleet of Count d'Estaihg, took part in the assault on St. Lucia and in the en- fagement with Admiral Howe off Port Royal, lartinique, and at the siege of Savannah in Sep- tember, 1779, saved D'Estaing's life. He was pro- moted captain, and assisted under De Guichen in the engagements with Admiral Byron off Do- minica, and served afterward under De Grasse and Vaudreuil to the end of the cruise. He was pro- moted rear-admiral in 1792, and vice-admiral in 1794. He was secretary of the navy from Novem- ber, 1795, till May, 1797, and made strenuous efforts to pacify Santo Domingo and the French colonies in the Antilles. He was ambassador in Spain in 1797-'8, and obtained the release of all the French citizens arrested in South America as republicans. Truguet was state councillor in 1801 and maritime prefect of Holland in 1811-'14, and was made admiral of France, 19 Nov., 1831.

TRUMAN, Benjamin Cummings, author, b. in Providence, R. L, 25 Oct., 1835. He was edu- cated in Canterbury, Merrimack co., N. H., and adopted the profession of journalism. In 1862-'5 he served on the staff of Andrew Johnson, then military governor of Tennessee, and as a volunteer participated in the battles of Stone River, Nashville, Mobile, and other engagements. He afterward became private secretary to President Johnson, and in 1865-'6 was special commissioner to the south- ern states to inquire into the condition of the ne- groes and poor white inhabitants. He was special agent of the post-office department for the Pacific coast in 1866-'9 and again in 1878-'9, was presi- dent and secretary of the Southern district agri- cultural society of California in 1873-7, and now (1888) is connected with the Pacific railroad com- pany. He has published " The South after the War " (New York, 1867) ; " Semi-Tropical Califor- nia " (1870) ; " Occidental Sketches " (1878) ; " Win- ter Resorts of California " (1880) ; " From the Crescent City to the Golden Gate " (1882) ; " The Field of Honor," a history of duelling (1884) ; and " Homes and Happiness in the Golden Gate " (i886).

TRUMBULL, Benjamin, historian, b. in Hebron, Conn., 19 Dec., 1735; d. in North Haven, Conn., 2 Feb., 1820. He was graduated at Yale in 1759, and received his theological education under Rev. Eleazer Wheelock, who delivered his ordination sermon in 1760, commending him to the people of North Haven as &ldquo;not a sensual, sleepy, lazy, dumb dog, that could not bark back.&rdquo; He continued in that charge for nearly sixty years, his preaching being interrupted only by the Revolution, in which he served both as a volunteer and as chaplain. After the war he published a pamphlet sustaining the claim of Connecticut to the Susquehanna purchase, which influenced the decision of congress in her favor. Yale gave him the degree of D. D. in 1796. He published &ldquo;Twelve Discourses on the Divine Origin of the Holy Scriptures&rdquo; (Hartford, 1790); &ldquo;General History of the United States of America&rdquo; (3 vols., Boston, 1765-1810); and &ldquo;Complete History of Connecticut from 1630 till 1713&rdquo; (2 vols.,

Hartford, 1797). The manuscript collections from which this history is compiled are in the Yale library. &mdash; Benjamin's grandson, Lyman, senator, b. in Colchester, Conn., 12 Oct., 1813, began to teach at sixteen years of age, and at twenty was at the head of an academy in Georgia, where he studied law, and was admitted to the bar in 1837. He removed to Belleville, Ill., and in 1841 was secretary of the state of Illinois. In 1848 he was elected one of the justices of the state supreme court. In 1854 he was chosen to represent his district in congress, but before his term began he was elected U. S. senator, and took his seat, 4 March, 1855. Until that time he had affiliated with the Democratic party, but on the question of slavery he took a decided stand against his party and his colleague, Stephen A. Douglas, especially on the question of &ldquo;popular sovereignty.&rdquo; In 1860 he was brought forward by some Republicans as a candidate for president. He had no desire to be so considered, and when his friend, Abraham Lincoln, was nominated, he labored with earnestness for his election. In 1861 he was re-elected to the U. S. senate, in which he did good service for the National cause, and was one of the first to propose the amendment to the Federal constitution for the abolition of slavery. He was one of the five Republican senators that voted for acquittal in the impeachment trial of Andrew Johnson, and afterward he acted with the Democratic party, whose candidate for governor of Illinois he was in 1880. Since his retirement from congress he has had a lucrative law-practice in Chicago.

TRUMBULL, James Hammond, philologist, b. in Stonington. Conn., 20 Dec, 1821. He entered Yale in 1838, and though, owing to ill health, he was not graduated with his class, his name was enrolled among its members in 1850, and he was given the degree of A. M. In 1842-'3 he assisted the Rev. James H. Linsley in the preparation of catalogues of the mammalia, reptiles, fishes, and shells of Connecticut. He settled in Hartford in 1847, and was assistant secretary of state in 1847-52 and 1858-'61, and secretary in 1861-'4; also state librarian in 1854. Soon after going to Hartford he joined the Connecticut historical society, was its corresponding secretary in 1849-63, and was elected its president in 1863. He has been a trustee of the Watkinson free library of Hartford, and its librarian since 1863; and has been an officer of the Wadsworth athemeum since 1864. Dr. Trumbull was an original member of the American philological association in 1869, and its president in 1874-'5. He has been a member of the American Oriental society since 1860, and the American ethnological society since 1867, and honorary member of many state historical societies. In 1872 he was elected to the National academy of sciences. Since 1858 he has devoted special attention to the subject of the Indian languages of North America. He has prepared a dictionary and vocabulary to John Eliot's Indian Bible, and is probably the only American scholar that is now able to read that work. In