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Rh mens. In addition to various privately printed pamphlets on theological and archaeological sub- jects, he is the author of " Notes on the Rubrics of the Communion Office, with a Review of the De- cisions of the Privy Council and Observations on Modern Ritualism," with an introductory letter by the Rev. Morgan Dix, S. T. D. (New York, 1882); "Truro Baptisms, 1711-1800" (Lawrence, 1886); " The Catholic Faith, or the Doctrines of the Church of Rome Contrary to Scripture and the Teach- ing of the Primitive Church," with an introduc- tion by the Rev. James A. Bolles (Nashotah, Wis., 1888) ; and has a " Genealogy of the Treat Fami- ly" in preparation. — Joseph's descendant, Sam- uel, jurist, b. in Portsmouth, N. H., 17 Dec, 1815, was graduated at Harvard in 1837, taught while studying law, and in 1830 became principal of an academy in Geneseo, N. Y. In 1841 he removed to St. Louis, Mo., where he was admitted to the bar, appointed judge of the court of common pleas in 1849, and again held this office in 1851-'7. On 5 March, 1857, he was appointed U. S. judge for the eastern district of Missouri, which office he re- signed on 15 Feb., 1887. Judge Treat was a cor- porator of Washington university, St. Louis, from which he received the degree of LL. D. in 1879. See " Proceedings of the St. Louis Bar on the Re- tirement of Hon. Samuel Treat " (St. Louis, 1887). — Samuel's cousin. Samuel Hubbel, jurist, b. in Plainfield, Otsego co., N. Y., 21 June, 1811 ; d. in Springfield, 111., 27 March, 1887, was of the seventh generation from Matthias Treat, and his grand- father, Theodore, served in the Revolutionary army from 1775 till 1780. He worked on his father's farm and studied law in Richfield, where he was admitted to the bar. In 1834 he walked to Spring- field, 111., formed a law-partnership, and practised until 1839, when he was appointed judge of the state circuit court and held this office until 1841. He was transferred to the supreme bench in that year, and served till 3 March, 1855, when he was appointed by President Pierce to the office of U. S. judge for the southern district of Illinois, which post he held at the time of his death. His library was one of the finest private collections in the state, and he was active in the diocesan convention of the Protestant Episcopal church in Illinois. With Walter B. Scates and Robert S. Blackwell he compiled, with notes, " Illinois Law Statutes," embracing all of the general laws in force, 1 Dec, 1857 (2 vols., Chicago, 1858).

TREDWELL, Thomas, jurist, b. in Smithtown, Long Island, N. Y., in 1742 ; d. in Plattsburg, N. Y., 30 Jan., 1832. He was graduated at Princeton in 1764, and was a member of the New York provin- cial congress in 1774-'5 and of the State constitu- tional convention of 1776-7. In .1788 he was a delegate to the convention that ratified the consti- tution of the United States. He sat in the assem- bly from 1777 till 1783, and in the state senate in 1786-'9 and 1803-7, was first judge of the court of probate in 1778-'87, and surrogate of Suffolk coun- ty in 1787-'91. From 1791 till 1795 he was a mem- ber of congress. Judge Tredwell was an original proprietor of Plattsburg, N. Y., represented Clin- ton and Essex counties in the State constitutional convention of 1801, and was surrogate of Clinton county in 1807-'31.

TREGO, William Henry, expressman, b. in Middleburg, Carroll co., Md., 18 Feb., 1837. He was educated at the Baltimore public schools, entered the service of Adams express company at Baltimore in 1852, and passed through various grades to the superin tendency in 1856. During the civil war he had charge of the transportation of express matter for troops in the southern states. In 1877 he projected and organized on the Balti- more and Ohio railroad system the first trunk-line railway express in the United States, and he was intimately associated with its subsequent history. In 1887 he organized the railway express over the Erie system, allied with the Baltimore and Ohio express, and he brought about other railway express alliances which, under rulings of the U. S. supreme court, acquired an area rivalling that of corporate expresses, and advantages that seemed to menace the existence of the latter. Previously all express business on railroads was done by express com- panies as separate corporations, paying the rail- roads a certain percentage of the earnings for haul- ing, usually forty per cent. Under the railway express system the railway company performed the service directly, and secured the entire profit. The large financial interests that were involved placed the wealthy corporate expresses on the defensive. The question promised to become im- portant in American railway management. The railway express that had been founded by Mr. Trego grew to great proportions in spite of a com- bined corporate opposition of ten years, when peculiar circumstances banished it as an institution from the United States. Early in 1887 a new management of the Philadelphia and Reading road sold that company's express to corporate interests, Later, the same year, embarrassments impelled the Baltimore and Ohio railroad to part with its express, and in 1888 the remaining railway express, the Erie, succumbed to allied pressure, and was sold.

TREJO, Hernando de (tray'-ho), Spanish ad- venturer, b. in Truxillo, Estremadura, about 1510 ; d. in Asuncion, Paraguay, in 1555. He served in Italy, went to Mexico about 1540, and in 1550 to La Plata with Juan de Salazar de Espinosa. They encountered heavy seas and hurricanes, and the adventurers became dissatisfied. Dissensions following between the chief pilot and Juan de Salazar, the latter was deposed from the command and Trejo was elected in his place. But the latter, fearing that the adelantado of La Plata would punish him for his rebellion, landed Salazar at San Vicente and sailed to the south, intending to found a settlement. Driven by contrary winds, he landed early in 1551 in a bay a few miles north of Santa Catalina island and south of Cananea. There he founded the city of San Francisco and tried to explore the interior, but the warlike Indians checked his progress and cut off his supplies. The adventurers greatly suffering from want, Trejo determined in 1553 to abandon the colony and set out for Asuncion. Sailing up Itabucu river and otherwise following the route that had been explored a few years before by Cabeza de Vaca, he entered the territory of the Guaranis, where he was assailed by the Indians, but he defeated them and pursued his march toward Asuncion, suffering great hardships and arriving at last in May, 1554, after a march of six months. He was imprisoned there by Martinez de Irala, and, beint; released by order of the court, was appointed governor of the city, dying a few weeks later. He had married in San Francisco one of the daughters of the deceased adelantado-elect, Sanabria.— Their son, Hernando de Trejo y Sanabria, b. in San Francisco in 1553 ; d. in Rio de Janeiro in 1614, became a Franciscan, and is counted among the first apostles of Brazil. He was elected in 1603 provincial of the latter country, and founded colleges and built churches everywhere, interesting himself to the last in the welfare of the Indians, especially of the half-breeds, or Mamalucos, and