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154 crat," chiefly biographical (1859) ; "Young America on Slavery" (1860); "Observations on Street- Railways" (Liverpool, 1860); "George Francis Train, Unionist, on Thomas Colley Grattan, Secessionist" (London, 1861); "Union Speeches delivered in England during the Present American War" (Philadelphia and London, 4 vols., 1862); '• Downfall of England " (1865) ; " Irish Independency " (1865) ; and " Championship of Women " (Leavenworth, Kan., 1868).

TRALL, Russell Thacher, physician, b. in Vernon, Tolland co., Conn., 5 Aug., 1812; d. in Florence, N. J., 23 Sept., 1877. He was brought by his parents to Western New York when he was a child, and for several years worked on a farm. He afterward studied medicine, began practice, and settled in New York city in 1840, where he became a hydropathist. in 1843 he founded an establishment in that city for the water-cure treat- ment, and opened, in connection with it in 1853, a medical school for both sexes, which was chartered in 1857 under the title of the New York hygeio- therapeutic college. It was afterward removed to Florence, N. J. He edited the " New York Organ," a weekly temperance journal," and the " Hydro- pathic Review," a quarterly magazine, from 1845 to 1848, was also the editor of other medical jour- nals, and the author of "Hydropathic Encyclo-' paedia" (New York, 1852); "New Hydropathic Cook-Book " (1854) ; " Prize Essay on Tobacco " (1854) ; " Uterine Diseases. and Displacements " (1855); "Home Treatment for Sexual Abuses"; "The Alcoholic Controversy "(1856); "The Com- plete Gymnasium " (1857) ; " Illustrated Family Gymnasium " (1857) ; " Diseases of the Throat and Lungs " (1861) ; "Diphtheria "(1862); "Pathology of the Reproductive Organs" (1862); " The True Temperance Platform, or an Exposition of the Fallacy of Alcoholic Medication" (1864-'6): " Hand-Book of Hygienic Practice " (1865) : " Sexual Physiology" (1866; London, 1867); "Water- Cure for the Million " (1867) ; " Digestion and Dyspepsia" (1874); "The Human Voice" (1874); and " Popular Physiology " (1875).

TRANCHEPAIN DE SAINT AUGUSTINE, Marie de, mother superior, b. in Rouen, France ; d. in New Orleans, La., 11 Nov., 1733. She belonged to an old Huguenot family, but became a Roman Catholic, and, shortly after her conversion in 1699, entered the Ursuline order. She conceived the idea of founding a convent in this country, and, although she met with great difficulties, finally procured money and companions for her purpose. She sailed for Louisiana on 22 Jan., 1727, accompanied by seven professed nuns, a novice, and two seculars, and reached New Orleans on 7 Aug. The Ursuline convent that she founded was not opened until 1734. The building is still standing, and is the oldest in the city. She also managed a hos- pital, an academy for young ladies, a school for the poor, an orphan asylum, and an institution for the religious instruction of negroes.

TRASK, George, clergyman, b. in Beverly, Mass., 15 Aug., 1798; d. in Fitchburg, Mass., 25 Jan., 1875. He was graduated at Bowdoin in 1826, and at Andover theological seminary in 1829, was ordained, 15 Sept., 1830, and held pastorates in Framingham, Warren, and Fitchburg, Mass., till 1850, after which he was a temperance agent in the last-named town until his death. Mr. Trask became specially known for his efforts against the use of tobacco, in opposition to which he labored earnestly with voice and pen. He delivered many lectures throughout the United States, and was the author of many anti-tobacco tracts.

TRASK, William Blake, antiquary, b. in Dorchester, Mass., 25 Nov., 1812. He is a descendant of Capt. William Trask, who emigrated to New England before John Endicott in 1628, and having settled at Salem, Mass., became subsequently an intimate friend of that governor, a deputy to the general court, and a commander in the Pequot wars. William Blake received an English education at the common schools, and in 1828 was apprenticed to a cabinet-maker. He worked at his trade in his native town until 1835, when he went to Pennsylvania ; but he returned to Dorchester in 1837. He served for three years on the school committee of Dorchester, and in 1850 became assessor. He was obliged to resign this post, owing to failing health, and soon afterward began to develop an interest in historical and antiquarian studies. He gave valuable aid to several writers by supplying them with the fruits of his investigations. He copied the ancient town-records of Bos- ton and made fac-similes of autographs for Samuel G. Drake's history of that city, and was of great aid to Gen. William H. Sumner in preparing a " History of East Boston " (Boston, 1858). He contributed to the " New England Historical and Genealogical Register," made copies of entire docu- ments from the Massachusetts archives for this publication, and prepared indexes of names as well as general indexes for the nineteen volumes from 1851 till 1869. The " History of Dorchester" (Bos- ton, 1859) owed much to his researches, and 137 pages, comprising a fifth of the work, were written by him. He published a " Memoir of Andrew H. Ward " (Boston, 1863), and edited " The Journal of Joseph Ware " (1852) ; " Baylie's Remarks on Gen- eral Cobb" (1864); "The Bird Family" (1871): and " The Seaver Family " (1872). He has aided in preparing several genealogies, has been a mem- ber of the Historic-genealogical society since 1851, and was its historiographer from 1861 till 1868.

TRAUTWINE, John Cresson, civil engineer, b. in Philadelphia, Pa., 30 March, 1810; d. there, 14 Sept., 1883. In 1828 he entered the office of William Strickland, then the chief civil engineer and architect in that city, and soon afterward submitted a design for the Penn township bank, which was accepted, and the execution of which he superintended. Subsequently he assisted Mr. Strickland in the construction of the U. S. mint and other Philadelphia buildings. He was engaged on the Columbia railroad in 1831, was appointed principal assistant engineer of the Philadelphia, Wilmington, and Baltimore railroad in 1835, and in 1836 became engineer of the Philadelphia and Trenton railroad, but during the latter part of the same year passed to the service of the Hiawassee railroad, from Tennessee to Georgia, of which he was chief engineer for six years. In 1844-'9 he was associated with George M. Totten in the construction of the canal del Dique, connecting the Magdalena river with the Bay of Carthagena, and again with Mr. Totten, in 1850, he made the surveys for the Panama railroad. On his return to Philadelphia in 1854 he published a report of his work. He next examined and reported on the harbor of Arecibo, in Porto Rico, and then became engineer of the Coal Run railroad in northeastern Pennsylvania. He surveyed in 1856 the Lackawanna and Lanesborough railroad in Susquehanna county. Pa., and in 1857 the route for an interoceanic railroad through Honduras. He examined and reported on the harbor of Montreal in 1858, and arranged a system of docks for that city. After 1864 he gradually retired from the practice of his profession, although continuing his consulting work, and