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Rh "American Society " (2 vols., London, 1870) ; " The Eastern Question : Modern Greece-" (Boston, 1877); "Principalities of the Danube: Servia and Rou- mania " (1877) ; " Beaconsfield " (New York, 1878) ; " Young Folks' Heroes of History," including " Vasco da Garaa," " Pizarro," " Magellan," " Marco Polo," " Raleigh," and " Drake " (6 vols.. Boston, 1878-'82) ; " Modern Prance, 1851-'79 " (New York, 1879) ; " Certain Men of Mark " (1880) ; " England and Russia in Asia " (1885) ; " England in Egypt " (1885); "Young People's History of England" (1886) ; and " Young People's History of Ireland " (1887). He has translated several French works into English.

TOWLER, John, educator, b. in Rathmell, Yorkshire, England, 20 June, 1811. He was edu- cated at the Giggleswick grammar-school and was admitted a member of St. John's college, Cam- bridge, in 1833. After coming to this country he was elected in 1850 professor of modern languages and literature in Geneva (now Hobart) college, at whose medical department he was graduated in 1855. From 1853 till 1872 he was its professor of chemistry, toxicology, and medical jurisprudence, and dean of the medical faculty. Subsequently, when this institution was merged into the Syracuse school of medicine, he was given the chair of anato- my, and in 18G8 was transferred to the chair of civil engineering and chemistry in Hobart. These places he resigned in 1882 to become U. S. consul at Trinidad, British West Indies, where he remained until 1886. Since that time he has devoted his at- tention to literary work at Orange, N. J. Prof. Towler was co-editor of Hilpert's " German and English Dictionary " (4 vols., Carlsruhe, 1846), and he also edited after Hilpert's death an abridged edition of the " Dictionary " (2 vols., Pforzheim, 1846-'7). He was editor of " Humphrey's Journal of Photography and the Allied Arts and Sciences " and " The American Photographic Almanac " in 1864-'7, and for five years subsequent to 1867 he wrote an article each month for the " Philadel- phia Photographer." He published translations of Schiller's " Don Carlos," " Die Braut von Messina," and " Die Rauber " in the same metre as the origi- nal (Carlsruhe, 1845-'8), and made translations of German war songs. His other works include " Der kleine Englander" (Carlsruhe, 1845): "The Silver Sunbeam ' ? (New York, 1863); "Dry Plate Photog- raphy" (1865); "The Porcelain Picture" (1865); "The Magic Photography" (1866); "The Nega- tive and the Print " (1866) ; " The Tannin Process " (1867); and "The Photographer's Guide" (1867); and he has translated Karl Friedrich Rammels- berg's " Guide to a Course of Quantitative Chemi- cal Analysis " (Geneva, 1871).

TOWLES, Catherine Webb, author, b. in Char- lemont, Mass., 25 Oct., 1823. She was the daugh- ter of Rufus Barber, of Worcester, Mass., and has been a teacher. She began to write verses for the newspapers at an early date, and at the death of her father in 1846 she removed to the south. She was editor of the " Family Visitor " in Madison, Ga., in 1849-'52, in 1861 became connected with the "Southern Literary Companion," and in 1866 be- came editor and proprietor of " Miss Barber's Weekly," which she continued till her marriage to John C. Towles, of Lafayette, Ala., in 1867. In 1884 she married Jett T. McCoy, who has since died. She now resides at Columbus, Ga. She has received honorary degrees from southern colleges. She has published " Tales for the Freemason's Fire- side" (New York, 1859); "The Three Golden Links " (Cassville. Ga., 1857) : and " Poor Claire, or Life Among the Queer" (1888).

TOWN, Ithiel, architect, b. in Thompson, Conn., in 1784; d. in New Haven, Conn., 13 June, 1844. He became associated with Alexander J. Davis in 1829, and the two opened an office in New York. Among the more important of their works were the state capitol in New Haven, the city-hall in Hartford, Conn., and the capitols of Indiana and North Carolina. Town also built several bridges, including one over the James river, near Rich- mond, Va. He was the possessor of a fine library of books on art, a portion of which went to Yale college. He was one of the original members of the Academy of design, New York, and travelled in Europe in 1829-30. He published "Descrip- tion of his Improvements in the Construction of Bridges " (Salem, 1821) ; " School-House Architec- ture " ; " Sir George Collier's Journal in the 'Rain- bow,' 1776-'9" (New York, 1835); and "Atlantic Steamships : On navigating the Ocean with Steam- ships of Large Tonnage " (1838).

TOWN, Salem, educator, b. in Belehertown, Mass., 5 March, 1779 ; d. in Greencastle, Ind., 24 Feb., 1864. He resided at Aurora, N. Y., was for forty years a teacher in New York state, and at one time a member of the New York senate. He died while on a visit to Greencastle. He Mas the author of " System of Speculative Masonry " (New York, 1822);*" An Analysis of Derivative Words in the English Language " (1830); and otherschool- books. With Nelson M. Holbrook, he published a series of school-readers, of which many millions of copies have been sold.

TOWNS, George Washington Bonaparte, statesman, b. in Wilkes county, Ga., 4 May, 1801 ; d. in Macon, Ga., 15 July, 1854. His father, John, a Virginian and a soldier of the Revolution, served with credit at the battles of Cowpens and Eutaw. The son began life as a merchant, but afterward studied law, and, removing to Alabama, was admit- ted to the bar in 1824. After editing a political newspaper there, he returned to Georgia in 1826, settled in Talbot county, where he practised law, and served in both branches of the legislature. He was elected to congress, and served from 1835 till 1839 and from 1845 till 1847. In the latter year he was elected governor of Georgia for two years, and at the end of his term he was re-elected.

TOWNSEND, Edward Davis, soldier, b. in Boston, Mass., 22 Aug., 1817. His paternal grandfather, David was a surgeon in the Massachusetts line during the Bevolution, and his maternal grandfather was Elbridge Gerry. His father, David S. Townsend, was an officer of the U. S. army and lost a leg at the battle of Chrysler's Field in the war of 1812. Edward was educated at Boston Latin-school and at Harvard, and was graduated at the U. S. military academy in 1837. He became 2d lieutenant in the 2d artillery, 1 July, 1837, was adjutant in 1838-'46, promoted 1st lieutenant in 1838,' assistant adjutant-general with brevet rank of captain in 1846, captain in 1848, brevet major in 1852, lieutenant-colonel, 7 March, 1861, colonel, 3 Aug., 1861, and adjutant-general with rank of brigadier-general, 22 Feb., 1869. He served during the Florida war in 1837-8, on the northern frontier during the Canada border disturbances in 1838-41, and thenceforward in the office of the adjutant-general of the army and as chief of staff to Lieut.-Gen. Scott in 1861. He was brevetted brigadier - general, U. S. army, 24 Sept., 1864, " for meritorious and faithful service during the rebellion," and major-general, 13 March, 1865, for "faithful, meritorious, and distinguished services in the adjutant-general's department during the rebellion." He was retired from active service, 15 June,