Page:Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography (1889, volume 6).djvu/152

128 mitted depreciations. In the same year the interior of the cathedral was finished after ninety-five years of work, and the building was consecrated a second time. Tired of the responsibilities of his office. Toledo solicited his relief after the conclusion of his usual term of office in 1670, but the measures that he had adopted during his government found such approval that the queen regent insisted in prolonging his term for three years. In this, time the final subjugation of the Tai'ahumaro Indians by the capture of the principal caciques took place. •On his way to Spain in 1673 Toledo lost his wife in Tepeaca, near Mexico.

TOLEDO, Fernando Alvarez de, Spanish soldier and author, lived in the last half of the 16th century and the first half of the 17th. He was a private soldier, but by feats of daring rose to the rank of captain in Chili. He wrote a poem called " Puren Indomito," which, after having been lost for more than two centuries, was discovered by Diego Barros Arana and published by him, forming the first series of the " Bibliotheque Americaine " (Paris, 1862). The work deserves attention not for its literary qualities, but for being a history of the Spanish soldiers who conquered Chili, by one of themselves. The author is very candid in his pic- tures of the corruption and cruelty of his country- men. Alfonso de Ovalle, in his " Historica Relacion •del Reyno de Chile " (Rome, 1646), quotes the poem .as an authority. He adds that Diego Rosales, au- thor of a voluminous history of Chili, written about 1650, has followed the narrative of Toledo page by page. Gonzalez Barcia, in his " Histori- . adores primitivos de Indias," quotes the " Puren Indomito " in the chapter that is devoted to the histories of Chili ; but it afterward sank into oblivi- on until it was discovered in the library of Madrid.

TOLEDO, Francisco de, viceroy of Peru, b. in Andalusia about 1520; d. in Seville about 1583. He belonged to the noble family of Oropesa, and in 1569 was appointed viceroy of Peru, taking -charge of the government in Lima on 26 Nov. of that year. When the grandson of Huaina-Capac, Tupac- Amaru, who, after the death of his brother, Sayri-Tupac, was considered by the natives as the heir to the crown, refused to surrender, Toledo, under the pretext of forwarding re-enforcements to Chili, sent in 1572 an expedition of 250 men into the mountains of Vilcabamba, where the young inca was in hiding with some followers. Martin -de Loyola, with a small force, surprised the prince, who was carried prisoner to Cuzco, and, after a mock trial by the judge, Loarte, was judicially murdered by order of the viceroy. Toledo was a legislator and statesman of considerable ability and industry, and future viceroys referred to his enactments as au- thority. He arranged that the Indians should be governed by chiefs of their own race, and fixed the tribute to be paid by them, exempting all men under the age of eighteen and over fifty, thus putting a stop to arbitrary demands. He virtually abolished the old system of mita, or forced native labor, although, in deference to the demands of the colonists, he enacted that a seventh part of the .adult male population of every village should still be obliged to work for the Spaniards, but limiting the distance they might be taken from their homes and fixing a reward for their services. The Indians admitted that the country had not been so well governed since the time of Inca Yupanqui. He was recalled in 1581, and on 23 Sept. of that year delivered the government to his successor, Martin Enriquez de Almansa, returning to Spain, where he was arrested on the charge of malversation of public funds, and died in prison.

TOLEDO, Garcia de, Spanish missionary. 1>. in Oropesa, Spain, about 1510; d. in Talavera, Spain, about 1583. He accompanied the viceroy, Mendoza, to Mexico in 1535. After a short but brilliant ca- reer as statesman, he entered the convent of St. Dominick in Mexico. On the demand of his fami- ly he was sent back to Spain, where he became the spiritual director of St. Teresa, and his frequent conversations with this eminent woman only made him more anxious to devote his life to the service of the Indians. In 1569 his cousin, Francisco de To- ledo, was named viceroy of Peru, and invited the Dominican to accompany him as spiritual adviser. He was beginning to exercise his ministry in Lima when the viceroy asked him to be his confidential adviser on a tour of the provinces. This journey was followed by several others, during one of which he converted a tribe of Indians, among whom he founded a city to which he gave the name of Oropesa. Among the advantages that the Peruvians drew from these visits were a number of ordinances ap- proved by the great council of the Indies. These ordinances were drawn up by him, and for a long time formed the basis of (he civil law and the rule of Peruvian society. In 1577 he was elected provin- cial of Peru. In spite of his great age and infirm- ities, he visited every part of his province, founded several convents, and repaired old ones. He was in a certain sense the second founder of the University of Lima. He obtained from his cousin the funds needed for the construction of new buildings, as the old ones had become too small for the increasing number, of students. In 1581 he returned to Spain.

TOLON, Miguel Teurbe (to-lone), Cuban au- thor, b. in Pensacola, Fla., in 1820 ; d. in Havana, Cuba, in 1858. When he was a child his parents went to Matanzas, Cuba, where he received his education and passed a great part of his life. In 1847 his comedy " Una >i oticia " was performed at Matanzas, and in the following year he produced another, " Un Caserio.'" In 1848 he was forced to emigrate to New York, his political opinions being in opposition to the Spanish government. In New York he devoted his time to teaching and to literary labors, contributing to several newspa- pers. He returned to Cuba in 1857, where he died soon afterward. He is the author of " Preludios," a collection of poems (Matanzas. 1841) ; " Aguinal- des Matanzeros " (1847) ; " El Laud del Desterra- do " (New York, 1852) ; " Elementary Spanish Reader and Translator " (1852) ; " Leyendas Cu- banas " (1856) ; and " Flores y Espinas," poems (Havana, 1858).

TOLSA, Manuel, Spanish engineer and sculptor, b. in Enguera, Valencia, about 1750; d. in Mexico about 1810. He studied architecture and sculpture in the Academy of San Carlos of Madrid, and became a member of the Academy of fine arts of San Fernando. In 1781 he went to Mexico as government architect, and as such he has left numerous marks of his genius in various public buildings, directing the erection of the towers of the cathedral in 1787-'91, and of the College of mines, for which he made the plans and began the building in 1797; but afterward he had to modify the plan, to add a second story, which was begun in 1799. In 1798 he became director of the Academy of San Carlos; but his chief fame rests on the equestrian statue of Charles IV., ordered in 1795 by the viceroy, Marquis de Branciforte, of which a temporary model in plaster was erected in 1796. After the working model was completed by Tolsa, the statue was cast, under his own direction, on 4 Aug.. 1802, without an accident, notwithstanding that it contains thirty tons of bronze. The statue is 15J feet high,