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112 civilization of the peninsula; and, independently of its stores of bibliographical information for the use of the scholar, it will be no less serviceable to the student of history who would acquaint himself with the character and condition of the Spaniard, and see in what manner they have been affected by the peculiar institutions of the country. The first edition of the &ldquo;History of Spanish Literature&rdquo; (3 vols., New York and London, 1849) was followed by a second (3 vols., 1854) and by a third American edition, corrected and enlarged (3 vols., Boston, 1863). A fourth edition, containing Mr. Ticknor's last revisions, has appeared since his death. To these are to be added the following translations: &ldquo;Historia de la Literatura Española, por M. G. Ticknor; traducida al Castellano, con Adiciones y Notas criticas, por Don Pascual de Gayangos y Don Enrique de Vedia&rdquo; (4 vols., Madrid, 1851-'7); &ldquo;Geschichte der schönen Literatur in Spanien, von Georg Ticknor; Deutsch mit Zusätzen, herausgegeben von Nicholaus Heinrich Julius&rdquo; (2 vols., Leipsic, 1852). Mr. Ticknor's great work was preceded by several minor publications, including &ldquo;Syllabus of a Course of Lectures on the History and Criticism of Spanish Literature&rdquo; (Cambridge, 1823); &ldquo;Outline of the Principal Events in the Life of General Lafayette&rdquo; (Boston, 1825; London, 1826; in French, Paris, 1825); &ldquo;Remarks on Changes lately proposed or adopted in Harvard University&rdquo; (Cambridge, 1825); &ldquo;Report of the Board of Visitors on the United States Military Academy at West Point for 1826&rdquo;; &ldquo;The Remains of Nathan Appleton Haven, with a Memoir of his Life&rdquo; (1827); and other publications. He also published a &ldquo;Life of William Hickling Prescott&rdquo; (Boston, 1864). See his &ldquo;Life, Letters, and Journals&rdquo; (2 vols., Boston, 1876).

TICKNOR, George, journalist, b. in Boston, Mass., 14 April, 1822; d. in Keene, N. H., 25 Dec., 1866. He was graduated at Dartmouth in 1847, studied law in Franklin, N. H., was admitted to the bar in 1850, and began practice in Hanover, but in the following year removed to Claremont. He was solicitor for Sullivan county from 1855 till 1859, and about 1860 settled in Keene and purchased a large interest in the &ldquo;New Hampshire Sentinel,&rdquo; which he edited during the remainder of his days. He published &ldquo;Gazetteer and Biographical Sketches of New Hampshire.&rdquo;

TICKNOR, William Davis, publisher, b. in Lebanon, N. H., 6 Aug., 1810; d. in Philadelphia, Pa., 10 April, 1864. In youth he was employed in the office of his uncle, Benjamin, a money-broker, and he afterward became teller in the old Columbian bank of Boston. He began the business of a publisher in Boston in 1832, in connection with John Allen, under the firm-name of Allen and Ticknor, successors of the old publishing-house of Carter, Hendee, and Co. In the following year Mr. Allen retired, leaving Mr. Ticknor to carry on the business for twelve years. This he did under his own name, which will be found on the title-pages of the early American editions of Tennyson and many New England authors. In 1845 John Reed and James T. Fields became his partners, and the imprint was changed to Ticknor, Reed, and Fields, but the legal firm-name remained William D. Ticknor and Co. during Mr. Ticknor's lifetime. On the retirement of Mr. Reed, in 1854, the style became Ticknor and Fields, continuing as such for about ten years. During this period the last-named firm purchased and continued to publish the &ldquo;Atlantic Monthly&rdquo; and the &ldquo;North American Review.&rdquo; On the death of Mr. Ticknor his interest was continued in behalf of his son, Howard M., and

James R. Osgood. Among the important events of this epoch were the establishment of &ldquo;Our Young Folks&rdquo; (1864), edited by Howard M. Ticknor, and of &ldquo;Every Saturday&rdquo; (1866), edited by Thomas Bailey Aldrich. In 1868 the younger Ticknor retired, and a new copartnership was formed among the other members, under the firm-name of Fields, Osgood, and Co. In 1870 Benjamin H. Ticknor was admitted, and in 1871 Mr. Fields withdrew, when the firm became James R. Osgood and Co. In 1885 it became Ticknor and Co., consisting of Benjamin H. and Thomas B. Ticknor and George F. Godfrey. From the beginning the publications of the house were characterized by intrinsic merit and by the neatness and correctness of their typography. The interests of American writers met with unusual consideration, and it became a mark of distinction for young writers to have secured them as publishers. William D. Ticknor was one of the first of American publishers to make payment for the works of foreign authors, beginning with &pound;100 to Tennyson in 1842. The house always continued this custom, and it is probably not too much to say that its example did more than any other one thing to establish a principle that is now so generally recognized and acted upon. For three decades the curtained office of their establishment in the quaint old building at the corner of Washington and School streets, seen in the illustration, was the resort of Dickens, Emerson, Hawthorne, Holmes, Longfellow, Lowell, Sumner, Thackeray, Whipple, and Whittier. This building (the oldest but one now standing in Boston), one of the landmarks of the city, was built immediately after the great fire of 1711, and was occupied for various domestic and mercantile purposes, at one time being an apothecary-shop kept by the father of James Freeman Clarke, until in 1828 it became the book-store of Carter, Hendee, and Co., from whom it passed to Allen and Ticknor. It remained in the hands of William D. Ticknor and his immediate successors until 1866, when increasing business required their removal to Tremont street; but it is still a book-store.

TIDBALL, John Caldwell, soldier, b. in Ohio county. Va. (now W. Va.), 25 Jan., 1825. He was graduated at the U. S. military academy in 1848, being assigned to the 3d artillery. He served at the various stations of his regiment until 1861, when, having attained the rank of captain, he was placed in command of a battery, and engaged in the principal actions of the Army of the Potomac from the battle of Bull Run until and including the battle of Gettysburg in 1863. During the latter part of the campaign in Pennsylvania Capt. Tidball commanded a brigade of horse artillery. He was appointed colonel of the 4th New York volunteer artillery, 28 Aug., 1863, and commanded the artillery of the 2d corps of the Army of the Potomac during the Richmond campaign, including the battles of the Wilderness and the siege of Petersburg. He was commandant of cadets at West Point from 10 July till 22 Sept., 1864, and