Page:An introduction to Indonesian linguistics, being four essays.djvu/94

82 appear: it then becomes z in accordance with the law stated in § 18. Now in Old Jav. beside the indicative waluy there is a conjunctive waluya, and with this there corresponds in Hova, according to § 108, the imperative ini-waluza. This formation mi-waluza < mi-waluya therefore proves to us the former existence of the diphthong uy in Madagascar. 31. In view of the evidence set out in §§ 29 and 30 we may pronounce the diphthong uy to be Common IN. 32. The diphthongs ay and aw. About as widely distri- buted as the Common IN apuy are also patay, “dead”, and paraw, “hoarse”. These two words therefore warrant us in regarding the two diphthongs ay and aw as Common IN. 33. The semi-vowels y and w. The former is shown to be Common IN by kayu (§ 18), the latter by means of the word walu, “eight”. Eight. Philippines, Magindanao : walu — Celebes, Tondano : walu — Borneo, Tar. : walu — Java, Old Jav. : wwalu — Sum-atra, Gayo: waluh — Madagascar, Hova: walu — Northern Border, Form, dialects: walu — Eastern Border, Tettum: walu — South- Western Border, Mentaway: balu. Note I. — The pronunciation of the w is not uniform every- where; it appears to be chiefly bilabial, the Philippine text-books often write it u or even o, thus ualu, oalo. Note II. — Phonetic law: “Common IN w appears in Ment-away as b”, hence balu < walu. Note III. — Old Jav. wwalu < walu in accordance with the parallel wwara, “to exist”, as compared with wara elsewhere (see § 188). Note IV. — Gayo waluh has got its h through the influence of neighbouring numerals which really possess a genuinely primitive one, such as tujuh, “seven”. Analogous changes in numerals are mentioned in § 141. 34. We must admit as Common IN the relars k, g,ñ.