Page:An introduction to Indonesian linguistics, being four essays.djvu/64

 the number of words we meet with that begin with these nine syllables. Likewise we have also come across them very often in the analyses we have previously undertaken. Therefore these nine prefixes are amongst the most widely distributed and commonly employed formatives used for the formation of word-bases.

88. Up to now we have usually spoken of the IN word-base as being disyllabic, consisting of the root and one formative. That is really the case of most frequent occurrence, but a root may also be combined with more than one formative at a time. In Tontb. the root paṅ forms pom + paṅ, “ hole in the ground ”, but also pa + im + paṅ, “ hole in a tree ”. The number of such combinations of formatives is exceedingly large. Some of them run through many languages, e.g., kĕ + rĕ This formation may be ascribed to Original IN. 89. We will now proceed to explain in greater detail a word-base containing two formatives which has been chosen at random as an example. In Tontb. there is a word-base lincayoq, “ to swarm ”, The root is yoq, which also occurs in woyoq, “ to shake ”. From this root there has been formed, to begin with, a word-base kayoq, which also exists and signifies “ to stir about ”. The formative ka- here used is also found, e.g. in kaloy, “ to hang down loosely ”, from the root loy, whence also is derived the synonymous word loyloy. In front of kayoq another formative, the prefix lin-, is then attached, and as this contains an i the k has to be changed to c- in conformity with § 74, and hence the ultimate resultant is lincayoq. The formative lin- also occurs e.g. in lintoy, “ to swing up and down ”, from the root toy, whence also comes kontoy, “ to settle down ”.