Page:An introduction to Indonesian linguistics, being four essays.djvu/60

48 saṅ into sa + ṅ, and ri into r + i and all these roots of one sound exist by themselves in Old Jav. or in other languages. Old Jav., for instance, welds the two locative roots i and r into ri, and even then it can prefix another i, thus producing iri. Examples: Mahābhārata, 42: saṅ hyaṅ Indra umujar i sira = “ The god Indra spake to them ”. Mahābhārata, 46: majar ta saṅ Arjjuna ri wwaṅsānak nira kabeh = “ Then spake Arjjuna to his brothers all ” (nira = “ his ”). Mahābhārata, a, 13: wuwusan iri kita = “ Words to you ”. Similarly Old Jav. ika, “ this ”, consist of the two demonstrative elements i and ka. Mlg. tsia, “ no ”, as compared with tsi, “ not ”, contains an intensifying particle a, which in the form of ah also follows negatives in Day. : dia, “ no ”, dia ah, “ not at all ! ” The Bug. kuwaetopa, “ just so ”, is composed of five parts, all of which also occur separately in Bug., viz. ku + a + e + to + pa. We find in many languages the combination of the genitive preposition n (which we have repeatedly mentioned) with an i, which is a locative preposition, but may also perhaps be regarded as an article in certain cases. The resulting form ni is used as a genitive preposition. Examples: Magindanao: su walay ni Pedro, “ the house of Pedro”. Toba: isi ni huta, “ inhabitants of the village ”. Old Jav.: anak ni ṅhulun, “ children of mine ”. 81. That a genitive and a locative preposition should coalesce is nothing remarkable. In IE also, as is well known, these two relations run into one another; Brugmann (“ Kurze, vergleichende Grammatik ”, § 539) cites the Vedic sūrē duhitā, “ daughter of the sun ”, where of course sūrē is a locative. Moreover, there are IN languages which employ i directly as a genitive particle, e.g. Tontb. and Mlg. Tontb. example, Sisil 82, edited by Schwarz, p. 177: siituoka sera mareṅomoṅe an tĕruṅ i apoq era = “ Then they (= sera) went back to the northward to the hut of their master ” (lit. “ to the hut of master their ”). Mlg. example, from the text Ny