Page:An introduction to Indonesian linguistics, being four essays.djvu/55

 Mentaway: uma n abak, “ house of boats ” = “ boat-house ”. Sangirese: tinara su soa n Leiden, “ printed in (the) town of Leyden ”. Day.: huma n papan, “ house for planks ”. II. The locative preposition i: Old Jav.: Arjuna-Wiwāha, edited by Kern, II, 19, c: tan madoh i sor, “ not far at bottom ” = “ down there ”. Tag.: i habaw, “ on the surface ”. Bug.: i liwĕṅ, “ at the side ”. Gayo: i umah, “ in the house ”. Mlg. : i masu, “ before the eyes ”. The Reduplicated Root as Word-base. 73.  The second method of fashioning word-bases from roots consists in the reduplication of the root. This reduplication may be of three kinds: 74.  First type: the root is set down twice, every sound of it. a. Examples from Karo, which possesses a very large number of such formations: Root kap : kapkap, “ kite ”. — Beside taṅkap, “ to seize ”. Root gĕr : gĕrgĕr, “ to cook ”. — Beside tanger, “ to cook”. Root kĕl : kĕlkĕl, “ to overcome all obstacles ”. — Beside doṅkĕl, “ obstacle ”. Root bis : bisbis, “ pus ”, etc. β. Examples from Tontb., which also exhibits very many cases. — For the understanding of these examples it is necessary to mention three Tontb. laws, as formulated by the two Adriani's. First law: Original IN final h is dropped; see the example rĕqmba, § 40. Second law: k becomes c whenever an i precedes. From the root koq, “ to push ”, are formed both sĕqkoq, “ impact (of collision) ”, and sicoq, “ knock, blow ”.