Page:An introduction to Indonesian linguistics, being four essays.djvu/341

 is the Bugis rendering of the Dutch initial sch-; the dictionary contains half a dozen cases, and in all of them sch- is rendered by sik-, e.g., sikemboro < Dutch schenkhord, “ tray ”. The Hova dictionary has eight loan-words which in their original languages began with br. In five cases br- becomes bur-, as in burákitra < English bracket. In the three other cases the inserted vowel is determined by the neighbouring one, as in biriki < English brick.

288. Loan-words may either, submit to the laws of phonetic change governing the several IN languages or they may struggle against them. In Saqdanese w is omitted in loan-words as it is in native words. That appears from the text “ Tunaq Pano Bulaan ”, where (inter alia) on p. 225, 1. 6 from the bottom, we find saa, “ snake ” < Original IN sawa, and on p. 228, 1. 8, deata, “ God ” < Sanskrit dewatā. — In Minangkabau an Original IN final at becomes eq, but loan-words preserve the pronunciation at unchanged even in colloquial, hence Mkb. adat, “ customary law ”.

289. In connexion with the reception of loan-words the forces of analogy and popular etymology are particularly operative. The word for “ veil ” in Bugis is bowoṅ, or in its contracted form bōṅ, and in imitation of it the Dutch bom, “ bomb ”, appears not only as bōṅ but also as bowoṅ. In Hova it chances that no words begin with l + a + b, but several with l + a + m + b, hence the French la bride appears in Hova as lamburidi. In the Old Sundanese legend Purnawijaya, verse 154, the hound of hell is called Sirabala; that is a deformation of the Sanskrit śabala made under the influence of the article si, which in Sund. is used with names of animals.

290. In the reception of loan-words IE displays much the same sort of phenomena as IN. To mention only a single case, we observe in Italian as in Makassar the insertion of vowels into awkward consonantal combinations, hence Ital. lanzichenecco < German Lanzenknecht, “ spearman ”, like Mak. parasero < parceiro (§ 285).