Page:An introduction to Indonesian linguistics, being four essays.djvu/332

 VII. In Madurese a tenuis becomes a media. The WB for “ to suck ” in Old Javanese and Mad. is sĕpsĕp, and “ to suckle a child ” in Mad. is ñĕpsĕbbhi.

VIII. In the combination nasal + cognate media between the two vowels of the WB the media is lost in Maañanese. From WB endäy, “ to take ”, there is a derivative form enäyan.

270. Quantity in contraction.

I. In most cases vowel-length results; thus in Makassar, e.g. in kasaláṅ, “ compensation (for a wrong done) ”, which has a long a in the final syllable < ka + sala, “ to err ” + aṅ.

II. In other languages length of vowel does not result; thus in Toba, as in parhután, “ locality of a settlement ”, with short a' in the final syllable < par + huta, “ settlement ” + an; see also § 71.

271. The phonetic phenomena to be observed upon the addition of prefixes to the WB are less multifarious than in connexion with the addition of suffixes. They are the following:

I. Elision. In Bugis from WB onro, “ to dwell ”, are formed both paonro and ponro, “ to cause to dwell ”.

II. Contraction. In Old Javanese, from ma + WB iṅĕt is formed meṅĕt, “ to take care ”.

III. Appearance of intermediary sounds. Thus in Daïri pĕhuwap < pĕ + uwap, “ steam ”.

IV. Change of the explosive, with which the WB begins, into the cognate nasal, as in Malay mĕnaṅkap, “ to catch ”, from WB taṅkap, see § 16.

272. Upon the addition of formatives vowel-harmony may also supervene (see § 247).

273. We noticed in § 168 that the Original IN final diphthongs, as in punay, “ dove ”, patay, “ to kill ”, become reduced to simple vowels in several languages, as for instance in Bugis, which says pune. — But in connexion with this