Page:An introduction to Indonesian linguistics, being four essays.djvu/33

Rh first and third sound, less often in the middle one. — The Mlg. phonetic laws have been determined by the present writer in former works, and also more especially by Ferrand.

Mlg. ambi, “surplus”: root bih. — Mal. lĕbih, “more”, Karo ambih, “to build an annexe”. — Law: IN h disappears in Mlg. in all positions without leaving a trace.

Mlg. haruna, “basket”: root ruṅ. — Old Jav. kuruṅ, “to enclose”, Karo baruṅ, buffalo pen. — Law: Every IN final nasal appears in Mlg. as na.

Mlg. idina, “to pour out” : root liṅ. — Karo iliṅ, “to pour into”, Bug. paliṅ, “to pour into another vessel”. — Law: Before a primitive i (not an i derived from some other sound) in Mlg., Original IN l appears as d ; this is a special case of the great RLD-law.

Mlg. ampatra, “stretched out” : root pat. — Karo lapat, “stretched out”, Mal. pĕpat, “smoothed out”. — Law: Every Original IN final t becomes tra in Mlg.

Mlg. hindzaka, “to stamp”  : root jak. — Old Jav. taṅjak, “to jump”, Karo anjak, “to trot”. — Law: Original IN j after a nasal appears in Mlg. as d+ z. Every Original IN final k appears in Mlg. as ka.

Mlg. lefa, “away, done” : root pas. — Mal. lĕpas, “loose, free, finished”. Tag. lipas, “past”. — Laws: Original IN p becomes f in Mlg., save after a nasal (see ampatra, above) and save when final. Original IN final s disappears in Mlg. but persists before a suffix, hence the imperative passive: alejasu.

31. To conclude this Section we must now undertake another investigation which, as shown amongst others by Siitterlin (“Das Wesen der sprachhchen Gebilde”, pp. 56 seqq.), is of great Hnguistic interest. If we know, for example, that a word iluh, aluh, luha, etc., runs through nearly all the IN languages with the meanings “to flow, to weep, tear”,