Page:An introduction to Indonesian linguistics, being four essays.djvu/325

Rh {|
 * IIIb.
 * Mutual:
 * Original IN aur
 * > Bimanese oo, "bamboo".
 * IVa.
 * With contact:
 * Original IN gantuṅ
 * > Toba gattuṅ.
 * IVb.
 * Without contact:
 * Original IN kulit
 * > Loinan kilit, "skin".
 * Va.
 * Partial:
 * Original IN babuy
 * > Bontok fafüy, "pig".
 * Vb.
 * Complete:
 * Original IN kulit
 * > Loinan kilit.
 * }
 * Vb.
 * Complete:
 * Original IN kulit
 * > Loinan kilit.
 * }

247. Assimilation occurs in IN not only within the WB, but also, though not often, between the WB and the formative: I. The formative affects the WB: Dayak tuli, "to moor", talian, "mooring place". II. The WB affects the formative: Tontemboan sěraq, "to eat ", sěraqan, gerundive of the same < sěraq + formative ěn; siriq, "to honour", siriqin, gerundive of the same < siriq + formative ěn; and so with all the vowels, when the WB ends in a vowel + hamzah. 248. Assimilation of one part of a compound word by the other is rare. In Busang do, "day" + halěm, "past", becomes dahalěm, "yesterday". 249. Certain assimilations occur in IN in regular series. If in an Original IN word there is an l together with an r, then in Toba the l is in all cases assimilated to the r; hence Original IN lapar2 "to hunger" > Toba rapar. The assimilations between WB and formative mentioned in § 247 also occur invariably. 250. We find in several IN languages the change from Original IN final aya and ayu to ay. We may believe that in these cases there was first assimilation into ayi and then simplification of the y + i. Examples: Original IN kayu > Sigi kay; Original IN layar2, "to sail" > Hova lay. 251. The term Umlaut is really a superfluity in linguistic terminology, for it only denotes a species of partial assimilation. But the term is used in IN as well as in IE, and usually denotes the partial assimilation of the three vowels a, o, and u, under the influence of i.