Page:An introduction to Indonesian linguistics, being four essays.djvu/315

Rh annexed articles are also not uncommon in the IE sphere; we find one for example in the French lierre, "ivy", etc,

210. Now, when a suffix is added to a final that has been modified through the influence of the laws affecting finals, we observe the following phenomena:

I. The original state of the final, as it was in Original IN, again appears. When from the Bugis nipiq, "thin" < Original IN nipis a verb "to thin" is formed by means of the suffix -i, it does not take the form nipiqi but nipisi. More correctly expressed, the formation nipisi has been handed down from a period when people still said nipis.

II. The derivative exhibits the modern state of the final. Original IN baṅun, "to stand up," appears in Makassar as baṅuṅ, and from it is derived the verb baṅuṅaṅ, "to raise". This formation dates from a period when n had already turned into ṅ.

III. The derivative displays an intermediate state of the final, a stage of development lying between the Original IN and the modern form. As shown in a previous monograph, Original IN sělsěl, "to regret", turned in Primitive Bugis into sěssěr, whereof the Modern Bug. has made sěssěq. The derivative "reproof" in Modern Bug. is pasěssěrrěṅ; it dates from a period when people no longer said sělsěl, and had not yet begun to say 'sěssěq.

IV. The derivative has both the original and the modified state of the final, side by side. Original IN lěpas, "free", appears in Minangkabau as lapeh. The derivative "to free" is both malapasi and malapehi. To this there is an exact parallel in Hova. Original IN lěpas appears in Hova as lefa. But the passive imperative is both alefasu and alefau.

V. The derivative shows none of the forms we should be disposed to expect; for just in this sphere there have been many cases of analogical transference. Original IN ěpat, "four", appears in Primitive Bugis as ěppaq, in Modern Bug. as ěppaq, but the derivative "to divide into four" is ěppáti. This formation is based on the analogy of words like appaq: