Page:An introduction to Indonesian linguistics, being four essays.djvu/313

Rh the three tenues k, t, and p, are in this case capable of serving as finals. II. Masaretese behaves like Malay and further unifies p with t, hence Original IN atěp = Malay atap = Masaretese atet, "roof." Here, therefore, among the explosives only two tenues, k and t, are capable of serving as finals. III. Primitive Bugis, as I showed in a former monograph, unified all the explosives into k, hence Primitive Bug. laṅik "sky" < Original LN laṅit, and atěk, "roof" < Original IN atěp. Here, therefore, out of all the explosives only the one tenuis k is capable of serving as a final. 205. Loss. The disappearance of the final consonants takes place in the several IN languages in various degrees: I. Makassar allows only one consonant, namely h, to disappear, as in panno < Original IN pěnuh, "full". II. In Hova, s, h, and the liquids disappear, hence Hova manifi < Original IN nipis, "thin", fenu, "full" < Original IN pěnuh. III. In Bimanese, Nias, and some other languages, all final consonants disappear. 206. Addition of a supporting vowel. In this connexion two tendencies may be discerned among the several IN languages : I. The same supporting vowel is added in all cases; in Talautese and Hova a, in Ampana i, in Kaidipan o, or exceptionally u, etc. Hence Original IN inum, "to drink" > Tal. ínuma = Hova ínuna = Kaid. ínumu; Original IN putih, "white" > Kaid. pútiho. II. The supporting vowel imitates the vowel that immediately precedes the final consonant, as in Mentaway, hence Ment. túkulu, "to push", alongside of Karo tukul, but rápiri, "wall", bóbolo, "a species of lily", etc. III. A few languages, such as Makassar, further add a hamzah after the supporting vowel, hence Original IN nipis, "thin" > Mak. nipisiq, lěpas, "free" > Mak. láppasaq, atur, "to put in order" > Mak. átoroq.