Page:An introduction to Indonesian linguistics, being four essays.djvu/312

300 199. Sequences of three consonants in the interior of words are rare and cannot be ascribed to Original IN. They arise chiefly in two ways: I. By mere operation of phonetic law. The sequence nd in Nias becomes ndr, hence Nias tandra < Original IN tanda, "mark". II. By the springing up of intermediary sounds. From the Old Javanese WB prih is derived the verb amrih, "to strive", for which Madurese has ambri, the b having arisen as an intermediary sound forming the transition from the m to the r. Of like origin is Modern Javanese ambral < amral < admiral. The Final. 200. In Original IN a word could end in a vowel, a diphthong, or a single consonant, other than a palatal (see § 61, 1). A final palatal is quite rare in the living languages, though found in Tontemboan as the resultant of k (see § 103). 201. The developments in the living languages of the Original IN final vowels have been dealt with in §§ 91 seqq., those of the diphthongs in §§ 160 seqq.; those of the consonants, which can lay claim to very special interest, will now be discussed. 202. The Original IN condition as regards final consonants persists unchanged in Old Javanese, and also, with very few exceptions, the loss of h for example, in several of the Philippine languages. 203. In the remaining IN languages we can discern three tendencies in the treatment of consonantal finals: unification, loss, and addition of a supporting vowel. 204. Unification. This is applied in various degree in the several languages, as will be shown here by reference to the explosives: I. Malay unifies the mediæ with the tenues. Original IN bukid, "hill" > Mal. bukit. Thus among the explosives only