Page:An introduction to Indonesian linguistics, being four essays.djvu/292

280 131. In several languages r1 and r2 have coalesced: thus Madurese pronounces the r in soroṅ < Original IN sur1uṅ just like the one in jharum < Original IN jar2um, both being cacuminal. 132. Original IN r1 becomes l in some languages, as in Tagalog libo < Original IN r1ibu, in others it becomes d, in others again some other sound (see § 99). I have included these phenomena of the r1 sound under the designation of "the RLD-law", a name which is analogous to that of the EGH-law. 133. Original IN r2, that is to say, the r of the RGH-law, in some languages remains r, which need not however be uvular; in some others it turns into g, or into h; in a few it also becomes t or y or q. Example: Original IN ur2at, "vein" = Malay urat = Tagalog ugát = Dayak uhat = Pangasinan ulát = Lampong uyak = Tontemboan oqat. See also §§ 135 and 139. 134. A comparison of the two preceding paragraphs shows that the further developments of r1 and r2 are in part identical, e.g. both r1 and r2 can result in l. But they never have an identical evolution in one and the same language. Thus, for example, in Tagalog, r1 does in fact become l, as in libo from r1ibu, "thousand", but r2 turns into g, as in ugát < ur1at, "vein". 135. In several languages Original IN r2 is represented by more than one sound. I. Its position in the word is the determining factor. In Talautese, r2 becomes k when final, otherwise r; hence Original IN bar2at, "west" > Tal. bárata, but Original IN niur2, "coconut" > Tal. níuka. II. The contiguous sounds are the determining factor. In Sangirese, r2 results in h, but after o < ě it appears as ɣ; hence Original IN r2atus, "hundred" > by metathesis r2asut > Sang, hasuq, but Original IN běr2as, "rice" > Sang. boɣaseq.