Page:An introduction to Indonesian linguistics, being four essays.djvu/286

274 Laws of the Simple Sounds in Indo-European and in Indonesian. 117. A large majority of the IN phonetic changes also occur in IE, partly under similar conditions, and partly under different ones. I give here a selection of parallels between IE and IN: Sanskrit and Toba: s + s > ts. — Sansk. vatsyāmi, "I shall dwell" < vas + syāmi; Toba latsoada < las + soada, "not yet". Old Persian and Kamberese: s > h. — Old Pers. hainā, as compared with Sanskrit senā, "army", Meillet GvP, § 130; Kamb. hiwa < Original IN siwa, "nine". Armenian and Rottinese: p > h. — Arm. hing, "five", as compared with Sanskrit pañca, Greek pente; Rot. hitu, "seven" < Original IN pitu. Greek and Modern Javanese: w > nil. — Gr. oikos, as compared with Sanskrit veśa; Modern Jav. lir, "manner" < Old Jav. lwir. Latin and Toba: y between vowels > nil. — Lat. tres < treyes; Toba hau, "tree" < Original IN kayu. Old Bulgarian and Makassar: All original diphthongs become simple vowels, cf. Leskien, "Grammatik der altbulgarischen Sprache", §§ 43 seqq. Old Prussian and Cham: tl > kl. — Old Prus. stacle, "support" < statle (Trautmann, "Die altpreussischen Sprachdenkmaler", § 67); Cham klaw < tlu < Original IN telu, "three". Germanic and Hova: k > h. — Gothic hian, "to conceal", as compared with Latin celare; Hova hazu, "tree" < Original IN kayu. Old Irish and Rottinese: w > f. — Old Ir. fer, "man", as compared with Latin vir; Rot. falu, "eight" < Original IN walu. Sicilian dialect and Bugis: media after nasal > tenuis. — Sic. ancilu, "angel" < Latin angelus; Bug. jañci, "promise" < Original IN jañji.