Page:An introduction to Indonesian linguistics, being four essays.djvu/280

266 It becomes w in several languages; thus in certain cases in Tagalog, hence Original IN puluh, "ten" > Tag. powo. — It becomes n in certain cases in Timorese, hence Original IN kali > Tim. hani, "to dig". — It becomes d in several languages; thus in Hova before an original i, not an i derived from ě, hence Original IN lima > dimi. — It becomes g in several languages; thus in certain cases in Batanese, hence Original IN ulu > Bat. ogo. — It becomes h in some Formosan dialects in certain cases, hence Original IN ulu > Form, uho, "head".

III. Original IN l disappears altogether in several languages; thus in Boano, hence Original IN balay, "house" > Boa. bae.

Laws of the Laryngal q. 102. For the laws of the laryngal q, see §§ 140 seqq.

Laws of the Velars. 103. Original IN k. I. It persists for the most part unchanged in the living languages. Original IN kuraṅ, "deficiency", appears also as kuraṅ in Old Javanese, Makassar, etc., as koraṅ in Tarakan, etc.

II. Original IN k becomes g in several languages; thus in Tiruray between vowels, hence Original IN laki > Tir. lagey, "man" (as opposed to "woman"). — It becomes h in several languages; thus in Hova when initial or between vowels, hence Original IN kuku > Hova huhu, "claw". — It becomes q in several languages; thus in Bugis when final, hence Original IN anak > Bug. anaq, "child". — It becomes c in Tontemboan when an i precedes, hence Original IN tasik > Tontb. taqasic, "lake". — It becomes t in Hova in sentence- sandhi before s, e.g., Hain-Teny, p. 264, 1. 4: "Young lark" = zanat surúhitra < zanak < zánaka, "young" + surúhitra, "lark". — It becomes s in Kawangkowan Tontemboan in the cases where the standard Tontemboan has c < k, thus Kaw. taqasis for the above taqasic.