Page:An introduction to Indonesian linguistics, being four essays.djvu/227

 the M. = aiza hanaw, ra Musa. Day., from the Story of the Inner Bark of the Tree: “For what purpose do you come?” = For what you = akan kwe kaw.

III. In IN sentences we very often find the predicate accompanied by an interjection, mostly an onomatopœic one. — Illustrations. Old Jav., from the Kuñjarakarna: “Hey presto ! (she) was at the door” = rĕp datĕn ri ṅ lawaṅ. Rottinese, from the Animal Play: “There is a flash; bang ! the musket rings out” = ''nandela; daṅ ! sisilo nali''.

Now in such sentences as these the verb may also be omitted, so that the interjection by itself plays the part of a predicate. Illustration, Toba, from the Sangmaima: “Then cried the kite ‘ hulishulis ’ ” = Then “hulishulis” k. = asa hulishulis (ma) lali. The phenomena mentioned in this paragraph are to be regarded as Common IN.

146. Linking the subject with the predicate. First method: the syntactical order.

I. The predicate precedes the subject; this rule is Common IN. — Illustrations. Old Form., from Vlis’s Collection of Dialogues: “You have evidently been sleeping” = Have + slept y. e. = nimesip kaw lawa. Old Jav., from the Tantri Fables: “Thus spake the goose, then answered the tortoise” = Thus word of the g., a. the t. = maṅkana liṅ n ikaṅ haṅśa, sumahur ikaṅ pās. Toba, Sangmaima, from the Burning of the Book of Magic: “Then his book of magic was burnt, but a leaf of it fell behind his house” = Then burned magic + book his, fell at back of house his one leaf magic + book = asa gor (ma) pustaha na, timpal (ma) tu pudi ni ruma na sa lompit pustaha.

II. But this order is not absolutely obligatory. If special emphasis is to be laid on the subject, it may precede. — Enumeration: the Mentaway Story of the Spirit of the Palm Toddy contains 25 lines and three instances of the order subject + predicate; and in each case this occurs because the subject is to be emphasized, on account of an antithesis.