Page:An introduction to Indonesian linguistics, being four essays.djvu/198

186 I. The conjunctive in Bont. Illustration, from the Battle of Kaloqokan: “ We ought to go to Bontok ” = G. w. should to B. = umüy kami-d ad Funtok.

II. The conjunctive in Tontemboan. Illustration, from the Story of the Burning of the Vampire: “ Do go and tell them !” = Go do tell to them = maṅe oka kumua an isera. Here the conjunctive kumua, from the WB kua, is dependent on the imperative mane. In Bont. and Tontb. the conjunctive is not often used; in the Battle of Kaloqokan — 192 lines of print — there are only 2 cases. But it occurs quite regularly in Old Jav.

87. The conjunctive in Old Javanese. Its use, whether as a dependent verb or independently, coincides ahiiost completely with the Latin usage.* Thus an analysis of the whole of the Kamahāyānikan — 63 printed pages — has yielded the following results:

I. The conjunctive of reserved utterance: “ (You have now been instructed, and so your defects) have probably disappeared ” hilaṅa, corresponding to the indicative hilaṅ.

II. The conjunctive of request: “ Let (rice, drink, etc.) be offered ” = wehakěna.

III. The conjunctive of condition: “ If (freedom from desire) be attained (then Buddhahood is also won) ” = an kapaṅguha.

IV. The concessive conjunctive: “ Even though (no beauty) is seen (in your teacher, nevertheless be amiable towards him) ” = yadyapi katona.

V. The conjunctive in sentences denoting intention: “ (Strive after Advaya), in order that (your defects) may disappear ” = yatānyan hilaṅa.

VI. The conjunctive after verbs of command: “ (The order shall be given) that (these men) be slain ” = pějahana. * [The reader will notice that English idiom does not always make it convenient to render these IN conjunctives by our corresponding mood.]