Page:An introduction to Indonesian linguistics, being four essays.djvu/183

Rh 49. The active formative um- or -um-. Proof that it is Common IN: Note A. — The WB's are ka, inum, kan, kěmit, etc. Note B. — The number of cases in which this formation occurs in Day. and Hova is small. Note C. — The Form, comma has been left unaltered in its clumsy spelling; it corresponds with the Tontb. kuma, WB ka. 50. Illustrations of the three active formatives. Old Jav., from the Kuñjarakaṇa: "Others ran away" = waneh malayū; from the Śakuntalā: "He then saw a woman" = S. t. he w. = anon ta sira strī; from the Kamahāyānikan : "To penetrate into the holy mystery" = tumama ri saṅ hyaṅ paramarahasya. Modern Jav., from Meijer Ranneft's Collection of Eiddles: "A snake swallows a mountain" = ula ṅuntal gunuṅ. Note. — anon is a + ṅ -- WB ton. 51. Specific signification of the three active formatives. In several languages ma- is intransitive, it- or man- transitive; but in other languages the active formatives apparently only serve to form the active, without any other shade of meaning. The formative -um- usually plays the part of an aorist, inchoative, or future, and that state of things may perhaps be styled Common IN. — Illustrations of this force of the formative -um-. Bont., from the Head-hunters' Ceremonies: "They start for the settlement " = Start they to t. s. = sumaa ca is nan fohfüy. Tontemboan, from the Story of the Demon.