Page:An introduction to Indonesian linguistics, being four essays.djvu/165

Rh Jav. (see I. above) the relation between the neutral and passive WB's is that the latter, e.g., hita, "to be seen", balance the former. 24. Now when it is desired to use derived verbs and not simply verbal WB's, the language is able to fashion them out of the most diversematerials, from any part of speech and even from "complexes" or agglomerations of words. I. Derived verb formed from a WB which in itself is already of a verbal nature. In Old Jav., at the beginning of the episode of the death of Abhimanyu in the Bharata-Yuddha: "The son of Dharma was dismayed" = san dharmmasuta atěgěg, we have a derived verb atěgěg, formed from the WB těgěg, "to be dismayed", which in itself is also verbal. II. Derivatives from substantival WB's. Example: Old Bug. pajuṅ, "royal parasol", maqpajuṅ, "to wield the royal parasol".—Illustration from the History of the Founding of Luwuq: "They went to him who wielded the royal parasol" = Went to r. + p. + wielding the = menreq ri maqpajun e. III. Derivatives from other parts of speech. From the interrogative pronoun apa Old Jav. forms the verb aṅapa, "to do what, to desire what ?"; from the word en, "yes", in Tontemboan comes men < ma + en, "to say 'yes'", the past tense of which is nimen; from the interjection of clearing the throat, ehem, Day. forms the verb nanehem, "to clear the throat, to say 'h'm'".—Illustrations: Old Jav., from the Mausalaparwa: "What ailed the Brahmans that they cursed?" = W. + a. the B. c. ? = aṅapa (ta) sira brāhmana śumāpa. Tontb., from the Story of the Python: "The youngest, she said 'yes'" = si caakaran isia (ka) nimen. Day., from the Story about saying H'm: "He cleared his throat 'h'm'" = iä ňaṅehem eheehem. IV. Derivatives from conglomerates or "complexes". In Mak., "to ask" is palaq and "help" is tuluṅ, but "to ask for help " is papalaqtuluṅi. In this case a verb has been formed by means of the two formatives pa- and -i out of the