Page:An introduction to Indonesian linguistics, being four essays.djvu/161

 Rh 17. In relation to the objects of our monograpli we can divide IN words into two classes: word-bases and words derived from word-bases by means of formatives. The latter may be called "derived" words, for short. The WB, which is mostly a disyllable, occasionally a monosyllable or a trisyllable, is the shortest formation actually existing in Kving speech; the fact that it is possible to analyse the WB further theoretically does not concern us in this monograph. In the Nias verse from the heroic hymn of Lagemann: "He went and clasped the shaft of the spear" = W.cl.sh.sp. = moi muraqu dotoa hulayo, the word moi, "to go", is a WB, muraqu, "to clasp", is a derived word, formed from the WB raqu. So here there are both kinds, a WB and a derived word, used in living speech, in the sentence. 18. WB's that denote action, or it may be suffering, or a state, we style verbal WB's. In the fourth canto of the Malay epic Bidasari there is a verse: "Day by day he sat there sorrowing" = Every every d. sat sor. = tiyap tiyap hari duduq bĕrcinta. Here duduq is a verbal WB, it means "to sit"; and everywhere, wherever it occurs, it means "to sit", not "seat ", for that is kadudukan. 19. There are not a few verbal AVB's which, either quite unchanged or modified only in strict conformity with phonetic law, run through so many IN languages that we have to call them Common IN. Such a word is takut, otherwise takot, etc., "to fear, to be afraid". — Illustrations: In the Tagalog Tell where Friesshardt says: "And we are not afraid of the waters of the Alps" = And not are + afraid of the w. of the A. = at di natatakot sa maṅa Hog nan Alpes. In the Bugis History of the Founding of Luwuq we find: "His servants Avere afraid" Rh