Page:An introduction to Indonesian linguistics, being four essays.djvu/121

 “ food, to eat, to give food to ” — kit, “ pain, to pain, to punish ” — kis, “ to file ” — nis, “ to howl ” — tuk, “ to knock ” — tuṅ, “ to hang ” — tut, “ flatulence ” — num, “ to drink ” — pas, “ free, loose ” — buk, “ dry rot, worm that burrows in wood ” — bah, “ to revere, to pray to ” — raw, “ sun, day ” — run, “ beak, nose, handle ” — laṅ, “ to wind, to twist ” — lik, “ to turn back ” — lit, “ skin, to peel ” — lĕm, “ to dive, evening ” — sih, “ pity, love, to love ”. — For the concept “ to live ” there is no Common IN root.

118. It may happen that only the root itself runs through a number of different languages, while the elements that accompany it vary, as in the case of the root suk in § 116. Or both parts, the root and the formative element, may extend through a number of languages. From the root lit mentioned in § 117, there is formed the verb salit, “ to peel ”, which only occurs in a few languages; but, on the other hand, the same root also goes to form kulit, “ skin ” (and also “ to peel ”), which we must class as Common IN.*

Skin. Phihppines, Iloko: kulit — Celebes, Tontb.: kulit — Borneo, Sampit: kulit — Java, Sund.: kulit — Sumatra, Lampong: kulik — Malay Peninsula, Mal.: kulit — Madagascar, Hova: huditra — Eastern Border, Tettum: kulit — South-Western Border, Mentaway: kulit.

Note.—Lampong kulik beside Common IN kulit in conformity with the parallel: laṅik beside Common IN laṅit.

119. In accordance with our method, the following words of substance, amongst others, can be shown to be Common IN, in their complete disyllabic form, sound for sound: laṅit, “ sky ”, bulan, “ moon ”; but not “ sun ” — apuy, “ fire ”, tunu, “ to burn ”, aṅin, “ wind ”; but not “ warm ” or “ cold ” — buluh, “ bamboo ”; but not “ plant ” — lintah, “ leech ”; but not “ animal ” — ulu, “ head ”, mata, “ eye ”, kulit, “ skin ”; but not “ foot ” — ina, “ mother ”, ama, “ father ”, anak, “ child ”; but not “ step- ” (mother, etc.) — takut, “ fear ”; but not “ joy ” — pilih, “ to choose ”; but not “ to wish ” — tĕnun, “ to weave ”; but not “ to spin ” — tĕkĕn * [See also Essay I, § 91.]