Page:An introduction to Indonesian linguistics, being four essays.djvu/114

 this is also Mal.; it is likewise a constituent of the demonstrative ai, and this is Form. So Ave may now add the Malay Peninsula and Formosa [i.e. the Northern Border) to the eight areas of distribution set out in § 85. We therefore pronounce the article i to be Common IN. Note. — Specimen sentence with the article i : Tarakan, from the Story of the Tailed Man: "He ordered his wife to go to Silimbatu " = It was ordered the wife his to go to Silimbatu = sinusub i andu na makaw da Silimbatu

87. The article a. Philippines, Ibanag : tolay a mapia, " man a good " = " a good man " — Celebes, Mak.: jaraṅ a, "the horse" — Sumatra, Gayo: anak bujaṅ a, "boy big the " = " the youth " — Northern Border, Form. : kuiri a rima, " left the hand " = " the left hand " — Eastern Border, Rottinese: nau a, " the grass ".

88. The article a is also a component of the Old Jav. article aṅ < a + ṅ, which is used pretty interchangeably with the simple ṅ: e.g., aṅ anak or ṅ anak, "the child". Similarly it is a component of the pronoun anu, " somebody "(§ 135), which occurs in nearly all the IN languages.

89. Like the article i (§ 44), the article a often becomes indissolubly attached to substantives. Thus beside the Old Jav. buṅ, " sprig ", there is the Common IN buṅa, " sprig, flower, fruit " (§ 43); beside Old Jav. luh, " tear ", the Bagobo luha. A particularly characteristic case is that of pus, " cat ", in Mad., which in that language serves only as a vocative, whereas puts in Day. does duty in all syntactical relations.

90. From what has been said in §§ 87-89 it follows that we must attribute the article a to Common IN.

91. The article ra. This occurs as a living element of speech in a few languages only: Java, Old Jav.: ra Hyaṅ " the deity " — Madagascar, Hova : ra Be, " Mr. Big ".