Page:An introduction to Indonesian linguistics, being four essays.djvu/111

Rh Note II. —It must be admitted that the second and third cases of the accentuation of the final syllable are not so widely distributed as to entitle us unhesitatingly to style them Common IN. On the other hand, it must be borne in mind that in many grammars this very question of accentuation has received the most inadequate treatment. Thus Harde-land says: “The accent remains on the final syllable of such few monosyllabic words as there are, even when they are extended into disyllables or polysyllables by means of pre-fixes”, and this would suffice to establish the case of the accentuation of the final for Borneo as well; but the instances he proceeds to give are dubious: hàì, whence kahàì, and the like must surely be disyllabic forms. — Again, Kruyt's Bareqe Grammar says nothing about the accentuation of the voca-tive, yet Adriani in Ts. Lid. 1. 1. vk., 1910, p. 211, quotes voca- tives of that kind, e.g., oñgà, " friend ! " (addressed to a woman).

80. Words of form often lean proclitically or enclitically on the words which they accompany, and hence they are often written continuously with them in texts in the native alphabets. Thus we read in the Mak. epic Maqdi, towards the end: “And the burial service was read over his head” = na nibaca mo talakkin a ri ulu-nna. The words of form are: na, “and”, mo, emphatic particle, a, article, ri, “over”, nna, “his”. But in the original (Mak. Chrestomathy, p. 426) this sentence is written in three “complexes” or conglomerations, viz. {n + n + i + b + c + m + o) —{l + l + k + i + n) — (r + i + u + l + u + n). Hence, also, it is not uncommon for words of form to coalesce with the words they accompany, as illustrated by rama, tama and zama in § 44, and other cases which we shall meet with later on. And it is in this way that words of form have in some instances be-come formatives: the passive formative ka- is really the pre-position ka, and Bug. kacalla, “to be accursed” ,properly means “(to come) into a curse”.