Page:An elementary middle English grammar (IA elementarymiddle00wrig).pdf/20



The sign ~ placed over vowels is used to mark long vowels. The sign ¸ placed under vowels is used to denote open vowels, as ē, ō, ei, oi. The sign. placed under vowels is used to denote close vowels, as ē, ō, ei, eu, ou. Simple e in unaccented syllables denotes that the vowel was not pronounced, as come, hevenes, livede. The asterisk * prefixed to a word denotes a theoretical form, as cladd from older *clādd, clothed.