Page:An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language.djvu/93

Elc have probably no connection with a root erk, ‘to vomit, nauseare,’ to which old  erkele, ‘to loathe,’  irksome, to irk, are allied. —   , ‘nickname,’ simply, in â-name,  ‘false name’; from  œkelname;   öknamn, ‘nickname,’  aukanafn, ‘epithet, surname’; from the  root auk, ‘to increase.’ See.   ', ', see.   , see.  ,, ‘wretched, pitiful, miserable, despicable,’ from ęllende, , ‘unhappy, woful, living in a foreign country, banished,’  ęli-lenti, ‘banished, living out of one's country, foreign, alien, captive’; corresponding to  ęli-lendi, ‘alien, foreign.’ To this is allied the abstract , , from  ęllende,  ęli-lenti, , ‘banishment, foreign country,’  also, ‘want, distress, misery,’  also, ‘captivity,’  ęlilendi, , ‘foreign country.’ The primary meaning of the  is ‘living in, born in a foreign country’ ( , from early  Alisatia, from  Elisâȥȥo,  ‘incola peregrinus,’ or ‘inhabitant of the other bank of the Rhine’). aljis, ‘another,’ is cognate with  alius,  ἄλλος (for ἄλjος),  aile, ‘another’;  the corresponding   and  ęlles, ‘otherwise,’  else. The pronominal stem alja- was even in the period supplanted by anþara-, ‘another.’.  ',, also ', , and , ‘elk,’ first occurs in  with an excrescent d (as in ); borrowed from  élnis, ‘elk’ ( jelenĭ, ‘stag’), with which  lani, ‘hind’ (from *olnia), is  allied. From the word  élan, ‘elk,’ is derived. The genuine term for  is  ( elk);   ëlch, ëlhe,,  ëlaho,  eolh,  elgr. The last word (originating in algi-) is termed alces in Cæsar's ''Bell. Gall., with which losĭ (from  *olsĭ''?) is also remotely connected. Perhaps  facilitated the introduction of the  word.   ,, simply borrowed in the last century from the   elf ; also  , ; for further references see. The ęlbe, ęlbinne,, shows that a corresponding  would have b in place of f.  ', ',, ‘eleven,’ from the  eilf, eilif, einlif,  einlif; a term common to  for ‘eleven.’   êlleƀan (for ênliƀan),  ândleofan, endleofan (for ânleofan),  eleven,  eilifu,  aintif. A compound of ains,  ein, and the component -lif in  ( twalif). In the non- languages only has a corresponding formation;   vënólika, ‘eleven,’ twýlika, ‘twelve,’ trŷlika, keturiólika (and so on up to nineteen); the f of the  word is a permutation of k, as in  (λύκος). The signification of the second component, which is met with in only in the numbers  and, is altogether uncertain. Some have derived the compound, upon which the and  words are based, from the Aryan root lik, ‘to remain over’ (see ), or from the Aryan root lip (see ), and regarded elf as ‘one over.’  ,, from the  hëlfenbein,  hëlfanbein, , ‘ivory,’ but based anew on. How the word came b the initial h ( ylpendbân), which is also oundfound [sic] in and  hëlfant (also less frequently ëlfant,  to  ylpend) ‘elephant,’ is not known. It is possible that the excrescent h at the beginning is due to the word being connected with (in the Middle Ages special healing qualities were ascribed to ivory). Perhaps the word was obtained not from Romance, but from the East, from Byzantium ( ἐλέφαντ-); for the word would probably correspond to (ebur) eboreus had it been introduced into  through a Romance medium. avorio, ivoire, ‘ivory,’  voor,  ivory (yet also  marfil,  marfim). — With regard to the meaning of the second part of the compound (, ‘bone’), see.   ,, from the  ęlle, ęle, ęln, ęlne,  ęlina (and ęlin),  ‘ell’; corresponding to  aleina (wrongly written for *alina?),  ǫln,  ęln, ,  ell,  el, elle; all these words signify ‘ell,’ which is derived from the  meaning ‘fore-arm’ ( , , , as standards of measure). The word in the form ō̆lē̆nâ is also preserved in other Aryan languages. ‘ὠλένη, ‘elbow, arm,’ ulna, ‘elbow, arm, ell,’  uile,  aratní,  lakŭtĭ (from *olkŭtĭ),  ólektis (ŭlektis), ‘elbow, ell,’ are more remote; they also contain, however, the <section end="Elle" />