Page:An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language.djvu/86

Dun ‘an underground — dung-covered — chamber occupied in winter,’ and especially ‘the underground weaver's room’;  tunga, ‘manuring,’  dung ( and );  tunc, ‘weaver's room underground’ ( from late  tunger). This double meaning of the cognates is explained by the remarks of Tacitus (Germanía, § 16) and Pliny (Hist. Nat., 19, 1). ‘Dung’ is the primary sense of the cognates of and ; in the other Aryan languages, however, no  cognates can be adduced.  ,, ‘dark, gloomy, obscure,’ with initial d; from  tunkel, ‘dark, dull, damp,’  tunchal (with the parallel form tunchar,  dunker). By another stage of gradation døkkr,  djunk are formed from the same root; they presuppose a  *diggs (pre- dhengwos). The allied  dank points to a connection with  ( root dinq, dump).  ,, ‘fancy, imagination, arrogance, prejudice,’ simply. Related to the, from  dunken ( dûhte), ‘to seem, appear to,’  dunchan (chiefly  with ), ‘to seem’ ( dûhta);  þugkjan, þûhta, mostly  with  ‘to seem’;  þyncan,  to think, which, however, really represents the meanings of  þencan, ,  and. appears to have been originally a, of which  was perhaps the factitive form. The þunk, þank, is based upon an old Aryan root tng, teng, and this, again, appears in  tongêre, ‘to know’ (  tongitio, ‘notion’). , .   ,, ‘thin, slender, attenuated,’ from the  dünne,  dunni;   þynne,  thin,  þunnr,  dun,  *þunnus. The retained the  meaning ‘thin’ in all the periods and dialects of. The stem þunnu is preserved in dunwęngi,  þunwenge,  þunnvange, ‘temples,’  ‘thin cheek’ (  , , ‘temples’). The is  Aryan, in the form tanú-s (respecting  nn , );   tanú-s, ‘long, drawn out, narrow, thin’;  tenuis, ‘thin, narrow’;  τανυ-, existing only in compounds, denotes ‘drawn or stretched out, long’;  ταναός, which has the same  meaning;  tĭnŭkŭ, ‘thin,’ has a suffix. The idea of attenuation comes from ‘extension in one direction, drawn out lengthwise,’ still retained by the and the  , , and  deprived the  meaning of one of its characteristics. In and  there occurs a verbal stem, tanu (τανυ), with the primary sense ‘to stretch out, extend.’ , , , and the following word.   ,, ‘vapour, fume, mist,’ from dunst, tunst, , , ‘steam, vapour,’  tunist, dunist, dunst, ‘storm, breath’; respecting the  initial d. , . Corresponds to dûst (for *dunst),  dust. duns-, for dwuns-, is based upon an Aryan root dhwens, which still appears in dhvans, ‘to fall to dust’ (dhvasti, ‘falling to dust’).  ,, ‘through, owing to, by,’ from durch. dur, ‘through,’ also ‘for the sake of,’ duruh, durh;   thurh,  þurh,  through and thorough. þaírh, ‘through,’ with an abnormal vowel, is related to the dërh, ‘perforated,’ with which are connected  durhil, durihil,  dürhel, dürkel, ‘pierced, porous,’  þŷrel (for þyrhil), ‘hole’, as well as  þaírkô, , ‘hole’ (k, from kk, for kn?). The might easily be a case of an older, perhaps the. Besides the passive meaning of dërh, ‘pierced,’ an active sense, ‘piercing,’ may also be added. The base þerh would be best defined by ‘to pierce, penetrate,’ which recalls the ; the former is based upon a pre- root terk, the latter upon a root trenk. The connection with trans is exceedingly problematical.  , ‘Serene Highness,’ simply with  vowel au;  and  durchlûht,  for  durchliuhtet, ‘illustrious,’ from durhliuhten, ‘to shine, light through, illuminate.’ See,.   , anom. , ‘to be allowed, venture, need,’ from dürfen, durfen, a preterite, ‘to have reason, cause, be permitted, need, require’;  durfan, preterite , ‘to lack, be destitute of, require, be in need of’;   þaúrban,  durven,  þurfan, ‘to be in need of.’ In addition to the  root þurf, þurb, Swiss points to an old parallel form þurp. In the  , 