Page:An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language.djvu/82

Dre ,, ‘to turn (on a lathe),’ of  drëhsel, drœhsel, ‘turner,’ in  *þrêhsils;  (root þré, tré) cannot be closely allied to ; it must rather be connected with a root containing a guttural, þrêhs- or þrêh. τρέπομαι (with π for k), and torqueo ( ἄπρακτος, ‘spindle,’  torcular, ‘oil-press’), point to a root trek, ‘to turn.’ The  drâhsil, ‘turner,’ is probably the only remains of this root in ; in  and also in  and  dialects  ( drœjen, drœn) signifies ‘to turn (on a lathe).’ See.  ,, ‘dirt, mire, filth, dung,’ from the  drëc ( -ckes), , ‘dirt’;  *drëcch,  *þrikk, , are supported by  þrekkr, , ‘dirt’ ( dräck). Perhaps derived from the meaning ‘sediment, lees,’ so that τρύξ, τρυγός, ‘lees, sediment, fresh must’ (with υ for o?), may perhaps be compared.  ,, ‘to turn, whirl, wind,’ from drœjen, drœn, ‘to turn, turn round,’  drâjan. The form may have been þ aian (,  waian; ,  saian);   draaijen, ‘to turn (on a lathe)’;  þrâwan ( sâwan, wâwan), and  þrâwen, ‘to turn,’ are  , while the  verb is  even in. The assumed form *þraian, ‘to turn,’ was undoubtedly conjugated strong ( *þaíþrô). þrê is the verbal stem common to, from which a , , meaning ‘twisted thread,’ was formed by adding a dental suffix. This proves most clearly that the root of  did not end in a guttural, and that therefore , from  drâhsil, cannot be allied to. In, to throw (‘to turn’), is obsolete. The root þrê is from pre- trê, ter; this appears in, with the meaning ‘to bore,’ in numerous derivatives. ‘To bore’ is a specialisation of the meaning ‘to turn,’ πολύτρητος, ‘porous,’ τρῆμα, ‘hole,’ συντρῆσαι, τετραίνω, ‘to bore through,’ τερέω, ‘to bore, turn on a lathe’ ( drœjen, ‘to turn on a lathe’), τόρνος, ‘turner's chisel,’ τέρετρον,  terebra, ‘borer.’  also. ,, ‘three,’ from and  drî, which is  simply the  ; the rest of the old cases are obsolete in ;  þrî, þreó,  three,  þreis, from *þrijis. It corresponds to Aryan trejes, to  tráyas,   τρεῖς, from τρέγες,  três,  trĭje. , like the other units, is a word. See,. ,, ‘bold, audacious, self-confident,’ simply , from the  drîste (hence  is not found in the  dialects);   thrîsti,  driest,  þrîste, ‘bold, daring.’ The similarity in the initial sound with  tristis, ‘sad,’ is perhaps of no etymological value; as, however, a similar change of meaning is met with in the cognates of  ,  tristis and  thrîsti may perhaps be derived from a common root. Otherwise it might well be connected with, thrîsti, for thrîhsti, from þrinh-sti?.  , see.  ,, ‘to thresh,’ from the  drëschen,  drëskan; corresponds to  dorschen,  þërscan (for þrescan),  to thrash, thresh (  dreschen, which also means ‘to torment’);  þriskan. Threshing was practised in  times, as this common term testifies. The Teutons, even before they became settlers, and hence while they were still migrating, were acquainted with the most elementary methods of agriculture; the various kinds of corn, and also, , , &c. The cognates found their way into , —  trescare, ‘to trample, move the feet about, dance,’  tresche, ‘chain-dance’ From these the  method of threshing may be easily inferred. The flail came from Italy through the medium of  (see ); for this a simpler term is found in  driscil,  and  drischel. The meaning of the base tresk is probably ‘to stamp noisily, tread’;   trasketi, ‘to rattle, clatter,’  trěskŭ, ‘crack,’ troska, ‘thunderclap.’  threshold is mostly connected with,  þrëskan, regarding it as the threshing-staff, or as the place at the entrance to the house where corn was threshed. ,, ‘to revolve, bore, drill,’ from drillen, ‘to turn, make round’ (with the  gedrollen, ‘round’). The meaning ‘to bore’ comes from drillen (see, , for the connecting link between the meanings), akin to  drillen,  to thrill, and also  drall ( drel), ‘round, turning,’ which is formed by gradation. The