Page:An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language.djvu/66

Bro connected instinctively by Germans with and ;, however,  brôsem, brôsme,  brôsma,  brôsmo, ‘crumb, fragment’ ( *brausma, ‘crumb,’ is not recorded). It is related either to the root brut, which appears in  breótan, ‘to break,’ or to  brysan,  bruiser ( to bruise), from a - root brū̆s, which the  dialects preserve in ; ‘to crumble’ (whence, too,  brŭselŭ, ‘sherd,’ brŭsnąti, ‘to wipe off, rub off’).   ,, ‘sweetbread,’ first occurs in , from ;  bryske,  brisket. See.   ,, ‘bread, food, loaf,’ from the  brôt,  brôt,. The form with t is strictly ;  brôd,  brood,  breád,  bread,  brauð. The old inherited form for was  ( hlaifs); and ancient compounds like  hlâford.œd (for *hlâfward), ‘loafward, bread-giver,’  lord, preserve the  word (see ), in addition to which a new word peculiar to  was formed from a  root. To this root, which appears in, we must assign the earlier and wider meaning of ‘to prepare by heat or fire’;  and  broth ( broda, ‘broth,’ is of  origin) and. In it would have the special signification ‘to bake.’ There is a strange  compound of,  bî-brôt,  ,  beóbreád,  beebread, all of which signify ‘honeycomb,’  ‘bread of bees’; in this compound the word  appears, singularly enough, for the first time. In earlier the modern meaning, ‘bread,’ is still wanting, but it is found even in.    (1.),, ‘breach, rupture, crack,’ from bruch,  bruh, ; formed by gradation from.

 (2.),, , ‘damp meadow, marsh, bog,’ a - word from bruoch,  bruoh(hh),  , ‘marshy soil, swamp’;   brôk,  broek, ‘marsh-land,’  brôk, ‘brook, current, river,’  brook. Similarly ouwe combines the meanings of ‘water-stream, watery land, island.’ It is possible that West  *broka- is allied to, a supposition that has been put forward on account of the  meaning ‘torrent’; in that case the  sense ‘swamp’ would be based upon ‘a place where water gushes out.’

 (3.),, , ‘breeches,’ from Mid  bruoch,  bruoh(hh), , ‘breeches covering the hip and upper part of the thigh’ (akin to  brêc,  breech);  the corresponding  brôc,  brêc,  breeches,  brôk,  broek,  brók, ‘breeches.’ It has been asserted that the common. brôk- has been borrowed from the - brâca (likewise,   brache,  braies); but  brêc, ‘rump,’ shows that  contains a  stem; hence the - word is more likely borrowed from ;.   ,, ‘bridge,’ from the  brücke,  brucka, , which points to  *brugjô, ;   brug,  brycg,  bridge. Besides the meaning ‘bridge,’ common to West, the bryggja (likewise  brügge) is used in the sense of ‘landing-place, pier,’ while brú (equal to  ) is the proper  word for ‘bridge.’ Brücke (from *brugjô-) is undoubtedly allied to  brú; no common Aryan term for bridge can be found. brŭvĭ also means both ‘eyebrow’ and ‘bridge,’ and brâwa (see under ) is identical with  brîva, ‘bridge,’ both of which point to Aryan bhrêwâ. With regard to the transition of *brawî to *brugî, see.   ,, ‘brother, friar,’ from the  bruoder,  bruodar;   brôþar,  brôþor,  brother,  broeder,  brôthar. Inherited, like most words denoting kinship, from the period when all the Aryans formed only one tribe, without any difference of dialect; the degrees of relationship at that period, which is separated by more than three thousand years from our era, were very fully developed. The form of the word  was bhrãtô(r),   bkrâtores; this is attested, according to the usual laws of sound, both by - brôþar and  frâter,  φράτηρ,  bhrâtar-,  bratrŭ; all these worlds retain the old primary meaning, but in  the word has assumed a political signification.   ,, from the  brüeje, ‘broth, sauce.’ The root of the word must not he sought in , which is based upon bru-; brü-je would be in  brôja,  root brô, in  brêie,  broeye. From the same stem  has been formed, with a dental suffix. The  is, 