Page:An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language.djvu/53

Bie  ', ',, ‘north-east wind,’ earlier, (with the regular ei), from the  bī̆se,  bī̆sa, whence  bise. A root bī̆s, bī̆z, ‘to rush in excitedly,’ also appears in  and , bisen, ‘to run about like cattle tormented by horse-flies’ (with this is connected   beiern, with a change of s into r, in  and Henneberg., with the same meaning);  further  bĭsa, ‘to run,’  bisse, ‘to run excitedly.’ Perhaps the root bi, ‘to tremble,’ is nearly akin.   ,, in , from the  biest,  biost, ;   beóst, and its   bŷsting,  beastings, biestings. dialects have also remarkable parallel forms with br, like á-brystur, ‘beastings,’ e.g. Swiss briešt (brieš), which may be connected with,  brust,  breóst. Beyond the group (whence  bet,  béton is borrowed) the stem has not yet been traced; it is most frequently compared with the   πῦός,  pîyûša. Yet a root bius seems to underlie biese, beise, ‘to milk,’ in the Wetterau.  ,, ‘to offer, make a bid,’ from bieten,  biotan, ‘to offer, present, command’ (similar meanings are united in the  word for );  beódan, ‘to announce, offer’;  bid combines the meanings of   and. anabiudan, ‘to command, arrange,’ faúrbiudan, ‘to forbid’ ( farbiotan, verbieten,  forbeódan,  forbid). biudan, as well as the whole of this class, points to a pre- root bhudh; πυθ (according to the well-known rule for φυθ) in πυνθάνομαι, πυθέσθαι ‘to ask, demand, learn by asking, hear,’ approaches one of the meanings of the  ; the latter has an active signification ‘to publish, communicate,’ while the  middle  means ‘to know by report, obtain information.’ With the sensuous meaning of   is connected the  root budh (for bhudh), ‘to make a present to one’; yet it most frequently means ‘to be watchful, astir,’ then ‘to observe, notice’; and with this is associated  bŭděti,  buděti, ‘to awake’;  budrùs, ‘watchful’; also  baústi, ‘to chastise,’ and  buide, ‘thanks.’ It is a  Aryan verbal stem with a great variety of meanings, the chief of which are ‘to present (make a present to one) — to enjoin  (to command, communicate) — to be active, awake.’ To the same stem belongs an  word for ‘table, dish’ (both conceived as the dispensers of food?), which has been mentioned under  ( biuþs,  beód), also bote, from  bote,  boto ( boda, whence  to bode),  ‘herald.’  ,, ‘enclosure, ridge,’ from bívanc, , ‘circuit, ridge between furrows,’  bífang, ‘circuit,’ from bifãhan, ‘comprise, encircle.’ With respect to the accented verbal prefix in the  compound,  , where ‘around’ is also quoted as one of the  meanings of bi. (in opposition to, bîspel) retains, like , the old short verbal prefix; , ,.  ,, ‘bigoted,’ first occurs in , borrowed from bigot, but based in spelling on.  ,, ‘dormouse,’ from the  bilch,  bilich (whence  plŭchŭ, ‘dormouse,’ is borrowed?); bil- is  cognate with  bele, ‘marten.’   ,, ‘image, portrait, representation,’ from bilde,  bilidi, , ‘image, figure, parable, prototype'; similarly  bilithi; there is no corresponding word in  or  (*biliþi). The derivation from a stem bil-, with which has been absurdly connected, is untenable; bi- is probably the  be- ; *liþi is allied to liþu-, ‘limb’ (see ); the compound signifies  ‘a copy of a limb, counterfeit limb’?. It is impossible to connect it with build, which belongs rather to  bold, ‘a building,’ and.   , from the  bill, which, with  billet, belongs to  billa, bulla.   ,, ‘hatchet,’ from bil ( billes), ‘pickaxe,’  bill;  bill, ‘sword,’  bill (‘sword, chopper,’ also ‘axe’); not cognate with.  ,, , ‘reasonable (-ably), cheap (-ly),’ for an earlier , used even in the last century, from billîch,  (recorded since Williram) billîch (  billîche,  billîhho). ‘conformable, becoming’; cognate with bilewit,  bilewit, ‘simple, innocent.’ It has been said, without sufficient reason, that this class was borrowed from. other cognates under,.