Page:An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language.djvu/437

Zwi  ,, ‘vice, clamp, holdfast,’ that which encloses or presses together; corresponding to the   tvinge. —   ,, ‘fortified castle, prison, narrow space, wild beast’s cage, arena,’ from twingœre, , ‘oppressor, space between the walls and ditch of a citadel, promurale, fortress.’   twinger, ‘prison, wild beast's cage’ ( dwinger, ‘despot, tyrant’).  ', ',, ‘to wink, twinkle,’ from zwinken, zwingen, ‘to blink, twinkle’; also in  zwinzen (from *zwingezen) and zwinzern. Corresponding to twinclian,  to twinkle. ,, ‘to twirl,’ from zwirbeln, zwirben, ‘to move in a circle, whirl’ (zwirbel, , ‘in circular motion,’ zwirbelwint, ‘whirlwind’), Allied to  zęrben (*zarbjan), ‘to turn round,’  tearflian, ‘to roll’?. Undoubted cognates in the non- languages are wanting.  ,, ‘thread, twine, twisted yarn,’ from zwirn, , ‘double thread’; like  twîn,  twine,  twijn ( tvinde, ‘twine wheel’), it points to a base twizna-. A root twis appears also by a different derivation in  twist. —  ,, ‘to twist, twine, throw (silk),’ a denominative, from zwirnen,  zwirnén, -nôn, ‘to twist a double thread, twine’;   tweernen,  to twine, and the   tvinde. , and afterwards, ‘between, among,’ from the   zwischen, zwüschen,  and   a shortened form of the  expressions  inzwischen, under zwischen,  in zwiskên, untar zwiskên, ‘between each pair.’ Allied to  zwisc, zwisch, ,  zwisk, zwiski, , ‘twofold, two and two’;   twisk,   tusschen,  betwixt.—Derivatives  ,.  ,, ‘dissension, quarrel; twist,’ from the  zwist, ; properly a  word which has passed into. and twist, ‘quarrel,’ also  and  twist,  twist, ‘twisted stuff,  twist, ‘branch’ (twisten, ‘to plait’), Oc. tvistr, ‘sad, disunited,’ tvistra, ‘to dissever.’ The Aryan root dwis, on which these words are based, appears in  as dviš, ‘to hate,’ with a signification that resembles  ; it may have been ‘to be at variance, disunited.’ Perhaps  bellum, duellum, ‘war, from the base *dwerlo-,  to *dwislo-?, is also connected with this word.  ,, ‘to twitter, chirp, warble,’ from the  zwitzern,  zwizzirôn;   twiteren,  twitter ( qviddre). An onomatopoetic form.   (earlier ),, ‘mongrel, hermaphrodite, hybrid,’ from  zwitar, zwëtorn, zwidorn, , ‘hermaphrodite, bastard, half-caste,’  zwitarn, zwitaran, , ‘nothus, hybris.’ A derivative of zwi-, ‘duplex’ (see );    , ‘hermaphrodite.’ Different forms occur in  (tvítóla) and  (tvetulle, ‘hermaphrodite’).   ,, ‘twelve,’ from the  zwęlf, zwęlif,  zwęlif. A common ; corresponding to  twęlif,  twaalf,  twęlf,  twelve,  twalif,  tolf,  tolv,  tolf. It is a compound of twa-, with the component -lif, which appears also in  ( ain-lif). In the allied Aryan languages a corresponding form occurs only in twylika, ‘twelve,’ vënolika, ‘eleven’). For the signification of the second component,  -lif,  -lika, see . 