Page:An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language.djvu/43

Bar bristly, rough,’ mentioned under the preceding word, especially as  barsch means  ‘rough.’  ,, ‘beard, comb, barb,’ from the  bart,  bart, ;   baard,  and  beard. For this word, the existence of which is proved by the ethnical term  to be extremely remote, skegg was used in. The pre- form of *barda,, was, in accordance with the permutation of consonants, bhardhâ — which is also presumed by  brada (with the usual loss of aspiration and metathesis of the r), and  barba (with b for dh when next to r,  , ; the initial b is from bh, as in ; in other cases initial bh is  f). also barzdà, ‘beard’ (for *bardà).    (1.),, ‘broad axe,’ from the  barte,  barta, ; in - the word, which is properly North , does not occur; allied to  and  barda,  barða ( barde, ‘hatchet,’ is borrowed from ). From this word brady,, ‘axe,’ is borrowed. The words are derivatives of the stem bhardh- appearing in ; the axe is, as it were, ‘the bearded thing,’ skeggja, ‘broad axe,’ being related in a similar way to ‘beard’; likewise  barbe (from - barba) signifies, among other things, ‘edge of the axe.’.

 (2.),, ‘baleen,’ a of , first occurring in , and akin to ;   barbs, from  barba;  baarden,.   , (dialect. designating any of the remoter degrees of relation on the female side, e.g., in the Basle  ‘aunt, niece, cousin’), ‘cousin, aunt,’ from  base,  basa, ‘father's sister’; the  and  dialects have a word allied to ;  faþu,  fethe. The type faþôn is certainly only a term of endearment for faþar-, fadar-suëstar, ‘father’s sister.’ Probably  basa is also a pet or childish name for the proper badar-, fadar-swësô. The same might be said of the variant and , and with the necessary qualifications of the.   ,, ‘inner bark of trees, husk,’ from the  bast (also buost with gradation),  *bast, ,. It corresponds to bœst,,  and  bast,  *bastus. Hence the  and  besten, ‘to strap,’ as well as the   cognate basto, ‘pack-saddie’ (see under ), with which Swiss bašt, ‘saddle,’ agrees. There is no justification for deriving the words from, for the absence of the nasal, the occurrence of st (for which we should have expected ss from dh + t), and the gradation in buost render such a derivation impossible. The resemblance in sound between this word and proves nothing as to the etymology; this popular and superficial derivation was suggested by the use of bast. The word, which is more probably connected with the root bes appearing in, found its way into ;   basta, ‘basting, stitching.’   ,, ‘bastard,’ from bâtard, bastard ( bastardo), borrowed in the Middle Ages ( bastart). bast, ‘illegal marriage,’ and fils de bast, ‘illegitimate son,’ indicate the primary meaning of the  word, which came to England with William I., and at a later period made its way to Scandinavia. The bastard ( bâtard) has a  termination; see. The first part of the word, which in and  signifies ‘illegal marriage,’ is generally derived from  and  bastum, ‘pack-saddle’;   and  basto,  bât, ‘pack-saddle.’  would then mean ‘the son of a pack saddle’  the saddles serving the Spanish muleteers as beds;. bastarðr, whence some would derive the modern word, did not reach the North before 1200 A.D. nearly.   ,, ‘bastion,’ from earlier bastîe;   bastie (allied. to OItal. bastire;  bâtir); it is akin to , , borrowed from  bastion,  bastione.    (1.),, ‘bass,’ derived like many other musical terms from (basso).    (2.),, ‘better,’ from the   baȥ,  baȥ;   bat-bet,  bet from batiz ( *batis); it is an old  from the  discussed under. The almost invariable use at present of the, instead of the older , is due to the fact that the formation of the  was no longer understood, and that the  at the same time has in every case assumed an  function. <section end="baß" /> <section begin="Bathengel" /> ,, ‘germander,’ a corruption of betonicula,  of  betonica, whence  batônje. <section end="Bathengel" />