Page:An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language.djvu/425

Zah ,, ‘tame, tractable, docile,’ from the  and  zam; corresponding to  tam,  tǫm, ‘E. tame, and tamr, ‘tame, domesticated.’ Allied to ,, ‘to tame, domesticate, break in, check,’ from  zęmen (zęmmen),  zęmmen (from *zamjan),  , ‘to tame’; corresponding to  gatamjan,  temja,  temmen, ‘to tame.’ The connection between the  cognates and  domare,  δαμᾶν,  damáy (damany), ‘to subdue, compel,’ is undoubted. The relation of these cognates based on dom, ‘to subdue,’ to a similar root appearing in  ( root tem, ‘to be suitable, be fitted’) is obscure. zęmmen, ‘to tame,’ looks as if it were a causative of zëman, ‘to be adapted, suit excellently.’ In that case it is remarkable that the primary verb has been preserved in  only; but was it perhaps deduced from the causative? (see ).  ,, ‘tooth,’ from the  zan, zant (d),  zan, zand, ; common to  and also to Aryan. and tand,  tôþ (from *tanþ),  tooth,  tunþus. tanþ-, tunþ- (from Aryan dont-, dnt-), is allied to  dens (stem dent-),  ὁδούς (stem ὀδοντ-),  dat (  dan), danta,  dantìs,  dét, ‘tooth.’ The Aryan  stem dont- (dnt-) is in form the   of the root ed, ‘to eat,’ with apocope of the initial vowel (see ); hence  is  ‘the eating organ’ (for the  suffix of the   -and-, -und-, see, , and ). To this word is allied.   ,, ‘tear,’ properly  of  zaher (*zacher),  zahar (zahhar), ; the form with ch in  is inferred from the derivative zęchern, zachern, ‘to weep’ ( hhr from hr). teár (from *teahor, with the variant tœhher), tear,  tár (for *tahr-),  tagr,, ‘tear.’ A   word in the form dakru, which is presupposed by  δάκρυ,  lacruma (for earlier dacruma),  dacr (dér), ‘tear.’ The   áçru, if it stands for *daçru, is abnormal.   ,, ‘tongs, pincers,’ from the  zange,  zanga, ; corresponding to  tang,  tǫnge,  tongs, and the   tǫng. The common tangô- assumes a pre- dankâ-,  which is usually connected with the  root danç (daç), ‘to bite’ (  δάκνω); hence,  ‘biter.’   zangar,  zanger, ‘biting, sharp, lively,’ whence  tanghero, ‘unpolished, coarse.’  ,, ‘to quarrel,’ from late zanken, zęnken, ‘to dispute’; a remarkably late word, not recorded in the earlier  periods. Perhaps zanke (a variant of ), ‘prong, point,’ is the base of, which must then have meant ‘to be pointed.’  ,, ‘peg, plug, tap, bung,’ from zapfe, , ‘tap,  in a beer or wine cask’ (also zapfen, ‘to pour out from a tap’),  zapfo, ‘peg, plug.’ Corresponding to North  tâp. tap, tœppa,  tap, and the   tappe. From the cognates are borrowed the   tape and  zaffo (, on the other hand, was borrowed from Romance). tappon- cannot be traced back to the other allied languages; only  seems to be related to these cognates.  ,, ‘to move convulsively, sprawl, flounder,’ from the  zappeln. a variant of zabeln, zabalôn (zappalôn?), ‘to sprawl.’ A specifically, probably of recent onomatopoetic origin.  ,, ‘border, edge, setting, groove,’ from the  zarge,  zarga,. Corresponding with as change of meaning to and  targa, ‘shield’ ( ‘shield border’), whence  targe,  targa, ‘shield’ (whence  and  tartsche,  target, are borrowed). The remoter history of the cognates is obscure.  ,, ‘tender, soft, fragile, nice,’ from and  zart, , ‘dear, beloved, precious, confidential, fine, beautiful’; unknown to the other  dialects. Like the properly,  appears to be a  with the suffix to-. tar-do, from Aryan dr-tó-, is most closely related to the Zend dereta, ‘honoured’;   â-dṛ, ‘to direct one's attention to something.’ The  word cannot have been borrowed from  carus, ‘dear.’  ,, ‘fibre, filament,’ only, unknown to the earlier periods (older  zasel,  zasem). Origin obscure.   ,, ‘charm, enchantment, magic,’ from zouber (zouver), 