Page:An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language.djvu/424

Wur  ,, ‘root,’ from the  wurzel,  wurzala, ; corresponding to  wortel. The final l is not, as in, a suffix;  wurzala is rather, according to the evidence of the   wyrtwalu, a compound, properly wurz-walu. In the medial w was lost, as in Bürger ( burgârâ),  to  burgware ( further  eihhorn with âcweorn). Thus too, morhala, represents *morh-walu,  ,  geisala, represents *geis-walu. The second component is walus, ‘staff,’  walu, ‘weal, knot’; hence  wyrtwalu and  wurzala meant  ‘herb stick’ (from ).   ,, ‘chaos, trash, filth,’ from (rare) wuost, , ‘devastation, chaos, refuse.’ —   ,, ‘desert, waste, confused, disorderly,’ from wüeste,  wuosti, ‘desolate, uncultivated, empty’; corresponding to  wôsti,  woest,  wêste, ‘waste.’ —   ,, ‘desert, wilderness,’ from the  wüeste,  wuostî (wuostinna), ;    wôstinnia,  wêsten, ‘wilderness.’ To these West  cognates, which point to a pre-  wâstu,  fás, and  vâstus, ‘waste,’ are  allied. The West  cannot be borrowed from  (only  waste, ‘desert,’ is probably thus obtained).   ,, ‘rage, fury, madness,’ from the  and  wuot, ; in  also wuot,  wôd,  wood, , ‘furious, mad,’  wôds, ‘possessed, lunatic.’ There exist, besides these cognates,  wôð, ‘voice, song,’  óðr, ‘poetry, song.’ The connection between the meanings is found in the  allied  vátes, ‘inspired singer’ ( fáith, ‘poet’);  the  root vat, ‘to animate spiritually.’ From the same is  derived the name of the  god Wôdan ( Wôden, *Wêden,  Wôdan,  Oðenn,  Wuotan), whose name is preserved in  Woensdag,  Wednesday. The mythological idea of, ‘the spectral host,’ is based on  (and ) Wuotanes her, ‘Odin’s host.’

 

  ,, ‘point, peak, prong, tooth (of a comb),’ from the   zacke,  and ; properly a  and  word. tak,, ‘twig, branch, point,’ North tâk, ‘point,’ to which  tág, , ‘willow twig,’  tack, are also probably allied. The latter are perhaps cognate with  daçâ, ‘fringe,’ or with  δοκός, ‘beam’ ( takko-, Aryan dokno-?). It is uncertain whether is allied.  ', ‘faint-hearted, shy, irresolute,’ from  zage,  zago, zag,, ‘faint-hearted, cowardly.’ A derivative of  ', ‘to lack courage, hesitate’ (  and ),  zagen,  zagên. It is not probable that the word was borrowed, in spite of the few cognates of the stem tag. This is probably derived from a *at-agan (1st  *ataga,  to  ad-agur, ‘to be afraid’) by apocope of the initial vowel; at is probably a   agan, ‘I am afraid,’ is based on the widely diffused  root ag (Aryan agh), ‘to be afraid,’ with which  ἄχος, ‘pain, distress,’ is also connected.  ,, ‘tough, viscous, obstinate,’ from the  zœhe,  zâhi, ; corresponding to  taai,  tôh,  tough;  *tâhu (from *tanhu-) has to be assumed. With the root tanh, ‘to hold firmly together,’ are also connected  getęnge, ‘close to, oppressing,’ and  bitęngi, ‘pressing.’  appears on account of its meaning to belong to a different root. <section end="Zäh" /> <section begin="Zahl" /> ,, ‘number, figure, cipher,’ from zal, , ‘number, crowd, troop, narrative, speech,’  zala, , ‘number’; corresponding to  taal, ‘speech,’  talu,  tale. Allied to ',, ‘to count out, pay,’ from zaln,  zalôn, ‘to count, reckon, compute’ ( talôn), and ', , ‘to number, count,’ from  zęln,  zęllen (from *zaljan),  , ‘to count, reckon, enumerate, narrate, inform, say.’   tellen, ‘to count, reckon, have regard to,’  tęllan,  to tell. From the originally strong verbal root tal, talzjan, ‘to instruct,’ is also derived. In non- there is no certain trace of a root dal, ‘to enumerate.’ See. <section end="Zahl" />