Page:An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language.djvu/420

Wir This properly   (as the old    shows) is based on  wërren (verwërren),  wërran (firwërran), , ‘to entangle, confuse.’ On the corresponding   wërra, ‘confusion, dispute,’ are based  guerra,  guerre, ‘war.’ It is uncertain whether  and  wërran,  , ‘to bring into confusion,’ is based on an earlier *wersan, and whether  is connected with it. A pre- root wers appears in vrěšti, ‘to thresh,’ and probably also in  verro, ‘to sweep.’  worse ( waírsiza; see the following word) is usually referred to the  root wers, ‘to confuse.’ ,, ‘cross, angry,’ only, an imitation of  unwirsch (from unwirdesch, unwürdesch). The signification cannot be explained from the  wirs ( to  worse,  waírsis).  ', ',, ‘borecole,’ first recorded in ; the word seems, however, to have been borrowed at an earlier period from Upper Italy, as is also indicated by the term, chou de Milan ou de Savoie. It is based on versa (  verzotto), ‘cabbage, borecole,’ which is usually referred to  viridia, ‘vegetables.’  and  were borrowed at a much earlier period.   ,, ‘host, landlord,’ from and  wirt, , ‘husband, head of the house, sovereign of a country, host, guest, landlord (of an inn, &c.)’;   wërd, ‘husband, master of the house,’  waard,  waírdus, ‘host.’ No connection with  vir, ‘man’ (for  wër, see , , and ), is possible, and it can hardly be related to.   ,, ‘spindle ring,’ from the  wirtel, , which is derived from the Aryan root wert, ‘to turn’ (see ).   ,, ‘rag, clout, wisp,’ from the  wisch,  wisc,. to which and  wischen,  wisken, is allied. visk, ‘bundle,’ and also wisp with a labial instead of a guttural. The base wisku, wisq, wisp, may e connected with virga (from wízgâ?).   ,, ‘twenty-four bushels,’ only, a  word. The base wichschepel, recorded in the 12th, points to a connection with schepel, ‘bushel.’  ,, ‘to whisper,’ from the  wispeln,  wispalôn,  hwispalôn. Also in only,  (properly perhaps a  word), corresponding to  hwisprian,  to whisper. These intensive forms seem to be based on an root hwī̆s (hais), to which also  is usually referred. ,, ‘to know, beware of,’ from the  wiȥȥen,  wiȥȥan; a common , and more remotely a  Aryan  present. wait, ‘I know,’ wât,  wot,  wêt,  and  weiȥ. Based on pre- woid, wid, in vêda, ‘I know,’  οἶδα,  vĕděti, ‘to know.’ This  unreduplicated perfect is based on a root wid, which in the Aryan languages means  ‘to find,’ then ‘to see, recognise’;   vid, ‘to find,’  ἰδεῖν,  videre, ‘to see,’  witan, ‘to observe.’ In  , , ,. ,, ‘to scent, spy out,’ from witeren, ‘to scent something’;  the   viðra; connected with. “E. to wind, and vent, ‘scent,’ show that it was possible for the sportsman's phrase to attain this meaning (which is  ‘to track by the aid of scent’).”  ' (with a normal b), ',, ‘widow,’ from the  witewe, witwe,  wituwa (witawa), ; common to  and Aryan. widuwô, widowa,  weduwe,  wuduwe, widewe,  widow. Corresponding to fedb,  vidua, San. vidhávâ, vĭdova. The Aryan form widhéwâ (widhowâ),, ‘widow,’ implied in these words seems to be an old formation from an Aryan root widh,  root vidh, ‘to become empty, be faulty’;   ἠίθεος, ‘single, unmarried.’ The designations for , ‘widower,’ are recent derivatives of the feminine form ;   wituwo,  witwœre, from which a new  could be ultimately formed ( witwerinne);    (hence ). , ‘orphan,’ is perhaps connected with the same Aryan root widh.   ,, ‘widow's jointure,’ the proper term is probably ,. The first component is widen, wideme,  and, ‘bridal gift, present from the bridegroom to the bride,’ then also ‘endowment of a church,’  widamo, ‘wedding gift of the bridegroom to the bride.’ The corresponding  weotuma, ‘money paid for the bride,’ leads to kinship with 