Page:An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language.djvu/419

Win  ,, ‘angle, corner, nook,’ from the  winkel,  winchil, ; corresponding to  winkel,  wincel, ‘angle,’ to which  waíhsta, , ‘angle, corner,’ formed from a nasalised root, is allied. The primary meaning of the word is probably ‘bend.’ See.  , see. ,, ‘to whine, whimper,’ from the  winseln, an intensive of  winsen,  winsôn, winisôn,  , ‘to lament.’ Probably derived, like  , from the  root hwī̆. Its connection with is less probable.  ,, ‘winter,’ from the  winter,  wintar, ; a common  term, wanting in the other Aryan languages. wintrus, and  winter,  wintar. The allied languages used a stem ghī̆m (ghiem);  hiems,  χειμών,  and Zend zima,  hêmanta (also in the Lex Salica ingimus, ‘anniculus’). These Aryan cognates, which may also signify ‘snow’ and ‘storm’ ( χεῖμα, ‘storm’), cannot, for phonological reasons, be allied to the  group. They suggest, however, a connection between and ; yet the  bases wintru- and windo- do not agree phonologically. Perhaps those are right who regard as the ‘white period,’ referring it to  vindo-, ‘white’ as in Vindo-bona, Vindo-magus, Vindo-nissa);   find, ‘white.’ In the  languages  also signifies ‘year,’ which is still retained in the  , ‘yearling kid, steer’ ( œ̂netre, ‘of one year’).   ', , ‘vintager, vine-dresser,’ from the   wī̆nzürl, wī̆nzürle,  wînzuril (wînzurnil), . It can hardly have been borrowed from  vînitor, which must have produced the  form *wînizâri ( wī̆nzœre, wī̆nzer).  wînzuril is more probably, however, a compound slightly influenced by the  term; its second component is derived from  zëran, ‘to tear or pluck off.’  , and for the accented vowel .  ', , ‘tiny, diminutive, petty,’ from the  late  winzic (g). A recent diminutive derivative of  (  from , ); yet note  and  wunzig.  ,, ‘top (of a tree), summit,’ from wipfel (wiffel),  wipfil (wiffil), , ‘top of a tree’;  perhaps  ‘that which rocks, swing,’ for the word is based on the  root wip, ‘to tremble, move, rock’ (see ).   ,, ‘critical point, see-saw, seat (of a swing), crane,’ only, borrowed from ;   wippen, ‘to let fly, jerk, rock.’ The genuine  form is  and  wipf, ‘swing, quick movement’; in  also wîfen,  , ‘to swing’ (see ). The root wī̆p, ‘to move with a rocking motion,’ contained in these cognates (and in ), is based on pre- wī̆b, whence also  vibrare, ‘to vibrate’; allied to the earlier Aryan variant wī̆p, in  vip, ‘to tremble,’  weibôn, ‘to totter.’  ,, ‘we,’ from the  and  wir; corresponding to  weis,  wî,  wij,  wê,  we. The common wîz, with a secondary  suffix s, is based on Aryan wei, whence  vayám, ‘we.’ The declension of, which is supplemented by uns, belongs to grammar.  ,, ‘whirl, vortex, whirlpool, bustle, crown (of the head),’ from wirbel, , ‘vortex, crown (of the head), whirl,’  wirbil, wirfil, , ‘whirlwind’;   hvirfell, ‘vortex,  whirl. Derivatives of the root hwerb (hwerf), ‘to turn’ (see ). With regard to note the evolution of meaning in.  ,, ‘to work, effect, produce,’ from the  wirken (würken),  wirken (wurchen). This verb, properly strong, is common to in the forms wirkjan, wurkjan;   waúrkjan,  wyrčęan, also  wirkian,  werken. The verbal root werk, work, to which   belongs, is based on an old Aryan root werg (worg), which occurs in several dialects. With ἔργον, ‘work,’ are connected ῥέζω (for *ϝρεγιω), ‘to do, perform,’ ὄργανον, ‘instrument,’ ὄργιον, ‘sacred rite’; so too the Zend root vṛz, verez, ‘to work, toil.’ The meanings, ‘to prepare by sewing, embroidering, weaving,’ incipient in, have been preserved in. There is also in a compound derivative  scuoh-wurhto,  schuochwürte, ‘shoemaker,’ whence  proper names such as,. ,, ‘confused, entangled,’ a derivative of , ‘to twist, entangle, confuse’ (mostly now ).