Page:An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language.djvu/416

Wic kud), seems to be  to the  root cud, ‘to whet, sharpen, set on fire, incite’ (  hwęttan,  hvetja, ‘to excite, incite,’  ‘to sharpen’). The older  periods preserve the  hwassa- ( hwass,  and  was) and hwato- ( hwœt,  waȥ), ‘sharp,’ from the root hwat. ',, ‘to black, polish (boots), wax (thread), from late  wihsen,  wahsen, giwęhsen,  , ‘to wax’; a derivative of .  ', , ‘wight, creature, ragamuffin,’ from  wiht,  and , ‘creature, being, thing’ (used  of hobgoblins, dwarfs, &c.),  wiht,  and , ‘thing, being, person’;  also the meanings of . Corresponding to  wiht, ‘thing’ ( ‘demons’),  wicht, ‘little child,  wiht, ‘being, thing, demon,’  wight. Goth distinguishes between waihts, , ‘thing,’ and ni-waiht, , ‘nothing’ on which   and  are based). The meaning ‘personal or living being’ is probably derived from the primary sense ‘thing,’ for the early history of which the cognate languages give no clue except through veštĭ, ‘thing,’ which, like  wihti-, is based upon Aryan wekti-. The cognates can scarcely be explained by and. wihtelîn, wihtelmęnnelîn are still used for ‘hobgoblins, dwarfs.’  ,, ‘weighty, important,’ only; a recent variant of ,  ‘having weight.’ See.   (1.),, ‘vetch, tare,’ from the  wicke,  wiccha, ; corresponding to  wikke. Borrowed from vicia, ‘vetch,’ whence the   veccia,  vesce ( vetch). The period at which it was borrowed (contemporaneous with ?) is fixed by the representation of v by w (,  with  and ), as well as the retention of the  c as k.

 (2.), ‘wick,’ see.   , and, ‘roll, curl-paper, distaff-ful (of flax),’ from  wickel, wickelin,  wicchilî, wicchilîn, , ‘roll, a quantity of flax or wool to spin off’; cognate with , ‘wick.’ Further cognates are wanting to explain the early history of the word. Allied to ', ‘to roll, wind, swathe,’ from late  wickeln,  ‘to make into the form of a roll’; also  ',, ‘swaddling clothes.’   ,, ‘ram,’ from wider,  widar, ; corresponding to  wiþrus,  (ram? lamb?),  wëðer,  wether,  weder, ‘ram, wether.’  weþru-, from pre- wétru-, is  allied to  vitulus, ‘calf,’  vatsá, ‘calf, young animal,’ which are derived from Aryan wet-,‘year’;   vetus, ‘aged,’  ἔτος,  vatsara, ‘year.’ Hence  means  ‘young animal, yearling.’  , and, ‘against,’ from  wider,  widar, ‘against, towards, back, once more’; corresponding to  wiþra, , ‘against, before,’  wiðar (and wið), , ‘against,’  weder, weêr,  wiðer (and wið), ‘against’ (hence  with). wiþrô, ‘against,’ and the wiþe are based on the Aryan  wi, ‘against,’ which is preserved in  vi, ‘asunder, apart’ (to which vitarám, ‘further,’ is allied). . — Allied to ', ',, ‘to loathe, be offensive,’ ‘to be opposed,’ from  widern, ‘to be opposite.’ —  ,, ‘opponent, opposition,’ from widerparte,  and , ‘opposing party, enmity, enemy, opponent,’ allied to  part, ‘part,’ which is based on  pars ( part). —   ,, ‘adversary,’ from widersache,  widarsahho, , ‘opponent in a lawsuit, accused, opponent (generally)’; allied to , which  meant ‘legal dispute.’ —   ,, ‘refractory, perverse, obstinate,’ from the  (rare) widerspęnstec, usually widerspœne, widerspœnec; allied to  widerspân, also spân, span (nn), ‘dispute, quarrel.’ —   ,, ‘spleenwort,’ from the  widertân (-tât, -tôt); an obscure word; it has probably been corrupted. — <section end="Widerthon" /> <section begin="widerwärtig" /> ,, ‘adverse, repugnant, repulsive,’ from widerwertic, -wartic (widërwert, -wart), , ‘striving against, refractory, hostile,’  widarwart, wartic (g), ‘opposed.’   — <section end="widerwärtig" /> ,, ‘contrary, adverse, repugnant,’ only. ,, ‘to dedicate, devote, consecrate,’ from widemen,  widimen, ‘to furnish with a dowry, endow’; allied to  widamo, ‘wedding present’ (see ). ,, ‘how, in what way,’ from the  wie,  wio, which is derived from *hwêu for *hewu, hwaiwô; the last form is indicated only by