Page:An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language.djvu/41

Ban has arisen from the unaccented prefix be (bî), as g in, , from ge. See,.  ,, ‘orchard,’ for bân-, bâmgart, boumgarte;   and.   ,, ‘bank, bench, reef,’ from the  banc,  bęnke,  banch,  bęnchi, , ;   bęnc, ,  bench,  bekkr. Besides the stem banki- (from pre- bhangi-), possessed others which are recorded in words borrowed by Romance;   banco, banca, panca,  banc, banque, &c. See the following words.   , earlier, , , ‘bastard, bantling,’ from banchart, , ‘illegitimate child,’  ‘a child begotten upon the bench’; a compound of. The second part is, appearing in proper names as , , and is formed by assimilation to (older , also written ).   ,, ‘banquet,’ borrowed before the middle of the 16th from  banquet, which (with  banc,  banco, ‘table’) was perhaps derived from the German stem of.   ,, ‘ban, outlawry, decree,’ from and  ban (nn), , ‘order under threat of punishment, prohibition; jurisdiction and its sphere.’ It corresponds to  bann,  ban, and belongs to an obsolete   bannan, of which the primary meaning was ‘to order or forbid under threat of punishment.’ The root is supposed to be ba, pre- bha-; nn was perhaps a suffix , and properly belonged only to the  of the  , but was afterwards joined to the verbal stem. To this pre- bha- belongs, in accordance with the permutation of consonants, φα in φά-σκω, φη-μί and  fa in fari; the  meaning must then have been very definitely specialised. From the word the  cognate  ban, ‘public proclamation’ ( arban, ‘arrière ban’), is derived.   ,, ‘banner, militia,’ from baner, more usual banier, baniere, , from  bannière, which has been derived from the stem of  bandwa, bandwô, ‘sign.’   bandum in Paul the Deacon, ‘vexillum quod bandum appellant. See.   ,, ‘space in a barn near the threshing-floor,’ from and ; the  word is wanting in  and. From *bans- arose bôs. boose (boosy, ‘cattle-trough’), and bâss, ‘cow-house.’ The  has bansts,, ‘barn,’ in which the stem has been increased by the  -ti-.   , suffix which is derived from a complete, properly ,  bœre,  bâri; it means  ‘bearing,’  , , also ; later on, when it became a suffix, it assumed the present meaning. The older is a verbal form of the   bëran (see under ),  root ber (Aryan bher), ‘to bear, carry.’ In  too -bœ̂re appears, e.g. in wœstmbœ̂re, ‘fertile,’ leóhtbœ̂re, ‘Lucifer.’ <section end="-bar" /> <section begin="Bär" />  (1.),, ‘(paving) beetle,’ from bęrn, ‘to strike, beat,’ whence also  bęr, , ‘blow, stroke.’  bęrjan,  *barjan, agrees by the permutation of consonants with  ferio, ‘I strike,’ as well as  borją, ‘I fight’ ( berjask, ‘to fight’); it is based on the root bher, ‘to strike.’

 (2.),, ‘bear.’ The name of the animal (ursus) descends from the pre-Aryan period, just as  ἄρκτος and  ṛkša-s (ursus for *urcsus). It is remarkable that the Teutons have abandoned this old Aryan term for ‘bear’ (ṛksós, orhsa-s), since they have retained other names of animals. In we have bër,  bëro,  bëra,  bear, björn, ‘bear’ ( *baíra). The beron- is a  form based upon an Aryan  bhero-,  to  bėras, ‘brown’ ( furvus?), from the root of which, bher and , , may also be derived; in using the  as a  the Aryan ṛksos is understood. Note that is the name of the bear in the  animal fables.

 (3.),, ‘brood-boar,’ from the  and  bêr, , which, with  bêr-swîn,  bâr,  boar, points to  *baira-. <section end="Bär" /> <section begin="Barbe" /> ,, ‘barbel,’ from barbe, ,  barbo, , which is based upon the   barbus. The fish derived its name from barba, ‘beard,’ on account of its beard-like appendages; from the word comes  barbeau (from  barbellus), whence  barbel, as well as barb;  also  barbio, ‘barbel.’ <section end="Barbe" /> <section begin="Barbier" /> ,, ‘barber,’ early only, borrowed from  barbier ( barbarius, ‘barber’). <section end="Barbier" />